FGM

Question 1

What is FGM?

Answer 1

All procedures that involve partial/total removal of external female genitalia
(NON MEDICAL REASONS)

Question 2

What is type 1 FGM?

Answer 2

Clitoridectomy

Partial/total removal of clitoris

Question 3

What is type 2 FGM?

Answer 3

Excision

Clitoris and labia minora

Question 4

What is type 3 FGM?

Answer 4

Infibulation

Narrowing of vaginal opening through creation of a covering seal

Question 5

What is type 4 FGM?

Answer 5

All other harmful practices

Question 6

What is de-infibulation?

Answer 6

FGM reversal of type 3

Question 7

What is re-infibulation?

Answer 7

Re-stitching FGM type 3, this is ILLEGAL

Question 8

What are some justifications of FGM?

Answer 8

Preservation of virginity/chastity
Religion
Social acceptance
Marriage prospect
Hygiene

Question 9

FGM is most common in which age groups?

Answer 9

<15yrs

Between 4-10yrs

Question 10

Where is FGM most common?

Answer 10

Middle East
North/Saharan Africa
Polynesia

Question 11

What are the short-term effects of FGM?

Answer 11

Severe pain/shock
Infection
Broken bones/dislocations from restraint
Haemorrhage
Infection (esp. BBV)

Question 12

What are the long-term effects of FGM?

Answer 12

Urine/menstrual retention
Infections
Cysts/neuromas
Complicated pregnancies
Fistula
Sexual dysfunction
PTSD

Question 13

What are the psychological effects of FGM?

Answer 13

PTSD
Anxiety
Depression
Intimacy/trust issues
Nightmares
Flashbacks

Question 14

By what law is FGM illegal?

Answer 14

Prohibition of FGM Act 2005

Question 15

What are the risk factors for FGM?

Answer 15

Mother had FGM
Older sisters/cousins
Mother has requested re-infibulation
Parental views
Girl withdrawn from Health Education levels
Poor Societal Integration

Question 16

What are the signs of Imminent risk of FGM?

Answer 16

Withdrawn from school
Extended holidays 
Visit from female family elder
Talk about "something special soon," "becoming a woman soon"
Forced marriage