Repro Flashcards
how many days after ovulation does the next menses begin
14
LH surge is how many hour before ovulation
24-36 hours
what is the role of FSH
follicle development
increase of oestrogen levels cause
LH to be released from the pituitary
LH stimulates what
ovulation.
progesterone + oestrogen production from corpus lute
oestrogens role in the breast
stimulates lactiferous ductal growth
oxytocins role in the breast
stimulates myoepithelial contraction
what is the placenta made from
trophoblast and decidual tissue
what hormone decreases maternal insulin sensitivity
HCS
what can you measure to determine foetal health
estradiol
seizure in eclampsia treatment
IV magnesium sulphate
respiratory changes in pregnancy
decreased capacity, decreased CO2
CVS changes in pregnancy
increased heart contractility, increased SV, diastolic BP reduced, decreased venous return
renal changes in pregnancy
increased eGFR, increased plasma flow
blood changes in pregnancy
increased calcium need, increased plasma volume, increased need for iron
failure to progress nulliparous woman in each stage
- less than 2cm in 4h,
- 2h (no ep) 3h (ep)
- delivery within 10 mins, over 1 hour give oxytocin
failure to progress parous woman
- 2cm in 4h
- 1h (no ep) 2h (ep)
- within 10 mins, over 1 hour give help
foetal blood sampling; pH 7.20-7.25, any actions taken?
this is borderline, repeat in 30 mins
foetal blood sampling; pH <7.20, any actions taken?
this is abnormal, deliver baby
HTN in pregnancy
labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine
VTE in pregnancy
heparin
hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
hyperthyroidism
carbimazole
asthma
SABA + ICS
epilepsy
continue epilepsy meds and give extra folic acid
Depo injection
give up to day 5, every 13 weeks
IUD
1st 7 days of cycle, can give immediately after TOP
IUS
1st 7 days of cycle
implant
1st 5 days of cycle, immediately after COP/Depo
combined contraceptives contraindicated in
migraine with aura, breast cancer, increased BMI, smokers, HTN, diabetics and over 35s
emergency contraception methods and cut offs
levonelle (72), ellaone (120), IUD (120)
diagnosis of syphillus
PCR, serological antibodies, dark ground microscopy
treatment of syphillis
benzathine penicillin
HER2 breast cancer
trastuzumab
ER+ breast cancer
hormonal agents
premenopausal endometrial cancer suspicion
lining >16mm
post menopausal endometrial cancer suspicion
lining >4mm
most common cervical cancer
squamous
staging of cervical cancer 0-1B
0= CIN 1a1 = 3x7mm 1a2 = 5-7mm 1b = confined to the cervix
staging of cervical cancer 2-4
2- adjacent organs involved
3- pelvic wall involvement
4- distant metastases, rectum or bladder involvement
diagnosis of ovarian cancer
CA125, CT for staging
staging of ovarian cancer
- ovaries a= 1 ovary, b= both, c=in and around the ovaries
2 pelvis
3 abdomen
4 outside abdomen
grade 1 perineal tear
vaginal mucosa
grade 2 perineal tear
subcutaneous tissues
grade 3 perineal tear
external anal sphincter
grade 4 perineal tear
external anal sphincter and rectal mucosa
day 5 screening includes
hypothyroid, PKU, CF, haemoglobinopathies and MCAD
