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Onlines Flashcards

1
Q

2 episodes of TIA what M

A

warfarin

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2
Q

early stroke symptoms

A

altepase

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3
Q

what Ix for golden crust on face

A

swab

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4
Q

toe lesions between web spaces

A

skin scrapes

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5
Q

treatment for wet macular degeneration

A

VEGF

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6
Q

M of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

acetazolamide

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7
Q

adjuvant in someone taking morphine, still have neuropathic pain

A

gabapentin

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8
Q

respiratory arrest after opiates

A

naloxone 4mcg intervals? or 400mcg

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9
Q

long acting diabetes agent, uptake in liver and muscle

A

insulatard

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10
Q

what activates MPK protein

A

metformin

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11
Q

alpha glucosiradase

A

acarbose

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12
Q

vault prolapse in a patient with no uterus

A

sacrospinous fixation

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13
Q

what nerve affected in right lateral gaze

A

CN 6 right

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14
Q

child with chronic stridor worse on sleeping, relieved by crying

A

flexible laryngoscope

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15
Q

stridor, high fever, ?croup

A

oral steroids

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16
Q

child open airway but not breathing

A

5 rescue breaths

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17
Q

child collapsed, someone has gone for help, what next?

A

check for breathing

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18
Q

child choking but alert

A

5 back blow

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19
Q

mode of action cyclizine

A

piperazine derivative with histamine H1-receptor antagonist

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20
Q

mode of action of ondansteron

A

5HT3 antagonist

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21
Q

mode of action of naloxone

A

opiod mu receptor antagonist, competitive inhibitor?

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22
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

lateral and inferior to the epigastric artery

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23
Q

psychological approach to helping someones thinking

A

CBT

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24
Q

drug that causes ankle swelling

A

nifedipine, amlodipine (ca channel blockers)

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25
Q

drug that causes iron deficiency anaemia

A

aspirin (NSAIDs)

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26
Q

drug causes abdominal bloating and constipation

A

co-codamol

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27
Q

patient with mitral stenosis on echo, mid-diastolic murmur also with ECG in AF

A

causes cerebral embolus or LVH

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28
Q

weakness in palmar and lumbrical muscles, intrinsic muscle wasting, altered sensation in the forearm

A

T1 lesion

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29
Q

patient has renal impairment and leucopenia, thrombocytopenia - drug causing it?

A

ritiximub or cyclophosphamide

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30
Q

patient had gout and drug given now all joints are sore, what drug has interacted

A

azathioprine

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31
Q

management of actinic keratoses

A

imiquimod

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32
Q

problems with clozapine

A

weight gain and increased salivation

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33
Q

patient has hyphaemia in eye at cornea

A

iritis

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34
Q

child with ingested bits in stool

A

toddlers diarrhoea

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35
Q

child with neck stiffness and purpuric rash

A

neisseria meningitides

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36
Q

old lady with neck stiffness gram positive cocci

A

strep pneumoniae

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37
Q

HIV man has retinal changes , what infection

A

CMV

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38
Q

common cause of blindness worldwide

A

chlyamdia

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39
Q

contact lense wearer, 3/7 pain, blurred vision and mucopurulent discharge

A

adenovirus

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40
Q

candidiasis from steroids treatment

A

nystatin

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41
Q

patient with bowl changes and erythema nodosum

A

IBD

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42
Q

man with bowel habit change and previous painful sigmoidoscopy

A

barium enema

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43
Q

woman with chrons now has iron deficiency anaemia

A

upper GI endoscope and duodenal biopsies

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44
Q

what is doctrine of double effect

A

something morally good may have a morally bad side effect

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45
Q

woman having vaginal bleeding

A

TV USS

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46
Q

woman with TV USS endometrial thickening of 11mm

A

biopsy

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47
Q

woman with bleeding and tamoxifen use

A

hysteroscopy and biopsy

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48
Q

drug given during birth of anterior shoulder

A

syntometrine

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49
Q

drug given in those with a low bishop score

A

intravaginal prostaglandins

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50
Q

what drug increases CK and muscle pain

A

statin

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51
Q

patient with multiple myeloma on thyroxine

A

hypercalcaemia

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52
Q

woman feeling dragging sensation, 2 parts of rectum felt

A

mucosal rectal prolapse

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53
Q

patient with dragging sensation now has bowel loops prolapsed

A

enterocoele

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54
Q

anaphylaxis dose of adrenaline

A

0.5 of 1 in 1000

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55
Q

treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

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56
Q

surfers ear

A

exostoses

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57
Q

optic defect in left occipital lobe stroke

A

right homonymous superior quadrantanopia

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58
Q

optic defect in pituitary tumour

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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59
Q

defect in left optic neuritis

A

left central scotoma

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60
Q

second degree perineal tear

A

midwife

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61
Q

weight loss, apthous ulcers and blood diarrhoea

A

UC

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62
Q

alcoholic unable to remember things

A

Korsakoffs

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63
Q

wrist drop

A

radial nerve palsy

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64
Q

what drug interacts with azathioprine to give low WCC and platelets

A

allopurinol

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65
Q

main in pain no cremasteric reflex

A

torsion

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66
Q

swollen testes but can be felt

A

epididymal cyst

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67
Q

swollen testicle, can’t get above it, smaller in mornings

A

inguinal hernia

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68
Q

ulcers on vagina

A

herpes simplex

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69
Q

gram negative diplococci

A

gonorrhoea

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70
Q

protozoa STI

A

trichomonas

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71
Q

ECG j waves

A

hypothermia

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72
Q

man with MI what investigations

A

ECG and troponin

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73
Q

man with pericarditis post MI what investigation

A

Echo

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74
Q

ECG of someone with 20 year history of autonomic neuropathy

A

bradycardia/T1HB

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75
Q

woman with angina pain, history of OA what Ix

A

myocardial perfusion scan

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76
Q

ECG changes in COPD

A

prominent p wave in leads 2, 3, right shift of QRS axis, poor progression of r wave

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77
Q

hypothermia ABG result

A

mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis

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78
Q

test for vasovagal syncope

A

tilt test

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79
Q

test for cardiac syncope

A

ECG

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80
Q

test for carotid sinus syncope

A

carotid sinus massages

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81
Q

test for orthostatic syncope

A

lying and standing BP

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82
Q

what is tilt table test for

A

orthostatic hypotension

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83
Q

falls when shaving gave

A

carotid sinus massage

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84
Q

collapse after eating meals

A

tilt test for vasovagal syncope

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85
Q

ECG sign of hypercalcaemia

A

u wave

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86
Q

swollen ankles resistant to diuretics

A

pelvic cancer or HF

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87
Q

mode of action doxazosin

A

alpha 1 blocker used to treat HTN and urinary retention associated with BPH

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88
Q

allopurinol and azathioprine react to cause

A

pancytopenia

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89
Q

patient takes drug and has cardiac arrhythmias

A

amphetimines

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90
Q

old man with jaundice, nausea and decrease appetite

A

cancer of pancreas head

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91
Q

hyoscine hydro

A

travel sickness

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92
Q

hyoscine butyl bromide

A

cramps

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93
Q

cyclizine

A

anti histamine

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94
Q

domperidone/prochlorperazine

A

anti-dopamine

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95
Q

source of salmonella

A

uncooked poultry

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96
Q

source of b.cereus

A

rice

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97
Q

crohns mouth issues

A

aphthous ulcers, aphthous stomatitis, angular cheilitis

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98
Q

ix of appendicitis

A

clinical diagnosis

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99
Q

Ix of AAA

A

USS, ct

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100
Q

how much water is reabsorbed in the small intestine

A

90%

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101
Q

MUST score

A

BMI 18-20 = 1 point
BMI <18 = 2 points
unplanned weight loss in 3-6 months; 5-10% = 1 point, >10% = 2 points
acutely ill/no food for >5days = 2 points

low risk = 0, medium = 1, high risk = 2+

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102
Q

treatment of ascites

A

spironolactone

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103
Q

femoral hernia

A

inferior, lateral to pubic tubercle

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104
Q

inguinal hernia

A

medial to pubic tubercle

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105
Q

direct inguinal

A

medial

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106
Q

indirect inguinal

A

lateral

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107
Q

diarrhoea in AIDS/HIV

A

cryptosporidium

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108
Q

pseudopolyps colon

A

UC

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109
Q

appearance/cause of pseudomembranous colitis

A

yellow white plaques following Abx

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110
Q

thumb printing at the splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

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111
Q

painful yellow ulcer with red halo

A

aphthous ulcer

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112
Q

painless yellow ulcer with red halo

A

mouth cancer

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113
Q

spidery web white pattern

A

drug induced lichenoid patch

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114
Q

gastric resection and unsteady on feet

A

B12 deficiency (loss of IF)

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115
Q

painless rolled ulcer

A

mouth cancer

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116
Q

white spidery lesion on mouth mucosa

A

lichenoid planes

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117
Q

christmas disease

A

haemophilia B, factory deficiency

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118
Q

woman with darker buccal mucosa and biochem

A

addison’s

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119
Q

meds causing hypos

A

sulphonyureas

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120
Q

meds causing weight gain

A

sulphonyureas, thiazos

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121
Q

meds causing oedema

A

thiozoldinediones

122
Q

meds causing wind

A

acarbose

123
Q

prolactin is inhibited by

A

dopamine

124
Q

hot thyroid scan

A

toxic adenoma

125
Q

cold nodule on thyroid scan

A

carcinoma or cyst

126
Q

first ix for thyroid nodule

A

USS + FNA

127
Q

anti histone Abs

A

drug induced lupus

128
Q

precocious puberty and bone pain

A

McCure Albright syndrome

129
Q

SLE treatment

A

hydroxychloroquine

130
Q

pelvic fracture

A

perineal swelling and bruising with blood in the urinary meatus

131
Q

anterior thigh nerve

A

femoral

132
Q

posterior thigh nerve

A

sciatic

133
Q

medial thigh

A

obturator

134
Q

anterior leg

A

deep fib

135
Q

lateral leg

A

superficial fib

136
Q

posterior leg

A

tibial

137
Q

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

A

Chlamydia (PID) ceasing liver capsule inflammation and adhesion

138
Q

cervical cancer classification

A

FIGO

139
Q

prostate cancer classification

A

Gleason

140
Q

Colon cancer staging

A

Dukes

141
Q

Lymphoma staging

A

Ann Arbour

142
Q

incidence

A

no of new cases per year

143
Q

prevalence

A

no of affected individuals at a certain time

144
Q

what spinal tract is the first to be damaged in diabetic neuropathy

A

dorsal column

145
Q

caltskin

A

type of cholangiocarcinoma

146
Q

intramedullary metaphysical tumour, at the growth plate

A

enchondroma

147
Q

nidus of immature bone with intense sclerotic halo, constant pain, worse at night. relieved by NSAIDS

A

osteoid osteoma.

148
Q

Brodies abscess

A

subacture osteomyelitis, lytic lesion on XR

149
Q

common mets to bone

A

breast, prostate, renal

150
Q

ewings sarcoma

A

associated with fever, raised inflammatory markers. malignant tumour of primative marrow cells

151
Q

brittle bone disease

A

osteogenesis imperfecta, defect of type 1 collagen

short stature, fractures, blue sclerae and loss of hearing.

152
Q

most common cause of kids joint pain

A

transient synovitis

153
Q

trigger finger

A

tendonitis of a flexor tendon to a digit, the A1 pulley

154
Q

injury risk shoulder dislocation

A

axillary artery, axillary nerve

155
Q

humeral shaft injury risk

A

radial nerve, brachial artery

156
Q

endometrial biopsy cut offs

A

premenopausal - 16mm ?12mm

postmenopausal - 4mm

157
Q

Warfarin management: major bleed

A

stop warfarin, give IV fit K 5mg, prothrombin complex/FFP

158
Q

warfarin management INR >8, minor bleeding

A

stop warfarin, give IV fit K 1-3mg, if INR still high after 24h repeat dose restart warfarin when INR <5

159
Q

INR >8 no bleeding

A

stop warfarin, give 1-5mg fit K by mouth, repeat if still high after 24h

160
Q

INR 5-8 minor bleeding

A

stop warfarin, give IV vit K 1-3mg, restart when INR <5

161
Q

INR 5-8 no bleeding

A

withhold 1/2 doses of warfarin, reduce subsequent doses

162
Q

dobutamine

A

beta1-agonist

163
Q

beta-blockers

A

beta1 antagonist

164
Q

Ropinirole

A

dopamine agonist

165
Q

GABA agonist

A

benzos, baclofen

166
Q

GABA antagonists

A

Flumazenil

167
Q

nicotinic agonists

A

nicotine, depolarising muscle relaxant (suxa)

168
Q

what are triptans

A

serotonin agonists used in headache

169
Q

5 w’s of post op pyrexia in timeline order

A 
day 1 : wind - atelectasis 
day 3 : water UTI 
day 5 - Wound 
day 7 - walking 
Anytime: wonder drugs
170
Q

pagets bone biochem

A

normal Ca and PO4, raised ALP

171
Q

osteomalacia bone chem

A

low calcium, low phosphate, high ALP

172
Q

bone mets, bone chemistry

A

high calcium, low PTH, high ALP

173
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism bone chemistry

A

high PT, high calcium, low phosphate

174
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

high PT, low calcium, low phosphate

175
Q

tertiary hyperparathyroid bone chemistry

A

high calcium, high PTH, low phosphate

176
Q

which diabetic drug is weight neutral

A

DPP4 inhibitors

177
Q

which hormone for pregnancy

A

bHCG

178
Q

which hormone peaks before ovulation

A

LH

179
Q

which hormone for fertility

A

progesterone

180
Q

what is the pars nervosa

A

posterior lobe of pituitary, oxytocin and vasopressin

181
Q

proclatin is inhibited by

A

dopamine

182
Q

healthy start vitamins

A

6m-5 years, Fit d supplement

183
Q

blood results for Hashimotos

A

high TSh and TPO abs

184
Q

reduced iodine uptake and recent febrile illness

A

post viral thyroid

185
Q

what is the cause of polyuria in diabetes

A

osmotic effect of glucose

186
Q

non-functioning pituitary tumour PC

A

panhypopopituritariam and bitemporal hemianopia

187
Q

orphan annie nuclei

A

papillary thyroid ca

188
Q

Churg strauss

A

asthma, vasculitis, ENT issues, pANCA

189
Q

Wegners (GPA)

A

cANCA, vasculitis, epistaxis, conductive hearing loss

190
Q

glomerulonephritis in RA

A

amyloidosis

191
Q

biceps reflex

A

c5

192
Q

knee reflex

A

l4

193
Q

ankle reflex

A

s1

194
Q

patient with tongue deviation, which side is affected

A

12, ipsilateral

195
Q

tremor better with alcohol, M?

A

BET, propranolol or pamidronate

196
Q

woman with kids, N+V sudden onset dizziness lasting 2 weeks

A

acute labryrinithitis

197
Q

woman with kids, weakness in face, vertigo, previous weakness

A

MS

198
Q

guy in chair, dizzy getting up

A

autonomic

199
Q

supinator reflex

A

C6

200
Q

triceps reflex

A

C7

201
Q

pain on eating and shaving

A

trigeminal neuralgia

202
Q

cluster headache

A

migrainous neuralgia

203
Q

supratentoral haemorrhage, on warfarin INR 3.3, given vitamin K what is the next best thing?

A

?

204
Q

stroke in MCA territory, classic presentation, painful neck, corners

A

carotid dissection

205
Q

early opiod toxicity

A

hallucination and drowsiness

206
Q

neurotransmitter defect in parkinsons

A

low dopamine

207
Q

neurotransmitter in Alzheimers

A

low 5-hyroxytryptamine

208
Q

compartment syndrome of extensor lower leg, what will be affected

A

deep fibular nerve

209
Q

which neurotransmitter effected in myasthenia

A

ACh

210
Q

test for PMR with GCA

A

plasma viscosity

211
Q

femoral nerve weakens which muscles

A

quadriceps

212
Q

Ix for prolapsed disc

A

MRI

213
Q

ix when patient has suspected SAH and normal CT

A

LP

214
Q

headache after sex

A

benign coital cephalgia

215
Q

sensory loss over anterior thigh, weak quads, reduced knee reflex, positive femoral stretch test

A

L3 + L4 nerve compression

216
Q

sensory loss, dorm of foot, weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion, reflexes intact positive sciatic stretch test

A

L5 nerve root compression

217
Q

role of psychiatrist

A

diagnosis of LD/autism, diagnose and treat mental illness, advice and contribute to management of challenging behaviour, use of MHA and AWI, advocacy

218
Q

role of LD nurse

A

not the same as MHN or CPN, training only in LD

219
Q

clozapine SE’S

A

agranulocytosis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, weight gain

220
Q

olanzipine SE

A

weight gain

221
Q

typical Anti-psychs

A

EPSE

222
Q

ECG change in haloperidol

A

rosales de pointes

223
Q

ECG change in anorexia

A

prolonged QT

224
Q

chlorpromazine SE

A

photosensitivity

225
Q

SSRI in the elderly can cause

A

hyponatraemia

226
Q

long term SE of lithium

A

renal problems, hypothyroid

227
Q

neurotransmitter: Schizophrenia

A

dopamine

228
Q

neurotransmitter: Depression

A

serotonin

229
Q

neurotransmitter: Anxiety

A

GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline

230
Q

neurotransmitter: Anorexia

A

serotonin

231
Q

patient on olanzapine and develops dry mouth what receptor responsible

A

ACh

232
Q

PTSD first line treatment

A

Eye movement desnsitiation

233
Q

paroxysmal hemi crania

A

old women, 1-40x day, M: indomethacin

234
Q

drugs for diabetics with psychosis

A

typicals, because atypical cause metabolic syndrome

235
Q

which neurotransmitter causes sedation

A

histamine

236
Q

dusky colon

A

infarction

237
Q

too painful to examine rectum what ix

A

examination under anaesthesia

238
Q

nutcracker oesophagus

A

denotes distal peristaltic contractions

239
Q

first line M for BPH

A

alpha blocker - tamsulosin

240
Q

woman with intermittent haematuria

A

cystoscopy

241
Q

M of acute angle glaucoma

A

IV aceteazolamide

242
Q

M of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

swab and chloramphenicol

243
Q

M of anterior uvietitis

A

topical steroids

244
Q

unresponsive bacterial conjunctivitis

A

chlamydial

245
Q

contact lenses with red eyes

A

bacterial keratitis/corneal ulcer

246
Q

back pain and red eye

A

anterior uveitis

247
Q

mid dilated pupil and red eye

A

AACG

248
Q

contact lens wearer, pain and decreased acuity

A

corneal ulcer

249
Q

Ix for farmer with cat, recurrent rhinitis

A

RASST

250
Q

vertigo, seconds to minutes? diagnosis and management

A

BPPV.
Ix- Dix-hallpike
M: Epley

251
Q

diver with otitis external what organism

A

aspergillus niger

252
Q

trauma then blocked nose

A

septal haematoma

253
Q

man with sternal pain and multiple lytic lesions what ix?

A

protein electrophorises, looking for BJPs = myeloma

254
Q

reactivation of latent TB

A

TNF alpha inhibitors

255
Q

DMARD causing inssteristial pneuominitis

A

methotrexate

256
Q

Rheumatoid drugs that are nephrotoxic

A

gold, penicillamine

257
Q

DMARD interactions

A

Trimethoprim and methotrexate

258
Q

SE: Methotrexate

A

myelosuppression, cirrhosis, pneumonitis

259
Q

SE: Sulfalazine

A

rashes, oligospermia, Heinz body anaemia

260
Q

SE: pred

A

cushingoid, osteoporosis, HTN, cataracts

261
Q

SE: Gold

A

proteinuria

262
Q

SE: Penicillamine

A

proteinuria, reactivation of TB

263
Q

SE: Inflixamab

A

reactivation of TB

264
Q

extra capsular hip #

A

DHS

265
Q

intracapsular + elderly

A

Hemi

266
Q

intracapsular, young, displaced

A

THR

267
Q

intracapsular, young, undisplaced

A

DHS/cannulated screws

268
Q

femoral # in child

A

traction

269
Q

femoral # in child under 1

A

gallows traction

270
Q

patient unable to initiate shoulder abduction

A

rotator cuff injury

271
Q

best test for treatment of overdose

A

coag

272
Q

amiodarone dose in emergency

A

300mcg

273
Q

atropine dose in brady

A

500mcg

274
Q

in cpr how long should you exhale in the rescue breaths

A

3 seconds

275
Q

next step: mild dyskariosis on smear

A

colposcopy within 8 weeks

276
Q

next step: severe dyskarisosis

A

colposcopy within 4 weeks

277
Q

neonate born agitated

A

alcohol dependence

278
Q

neonate born quiet and inactive

A

opiates?

279
Q

single palmar crease

A

downs

280
Q

test to detect white coat HTN

A

24h ambulatory BP monitoring

281
Q

patient in an accident, no permission to treat, what law do we treat under

A

common law

282
Q

csf gram +ve cocci in patient with splenectomy

A

pneumococcal meningitis

283
Q

herald patch

A

pityriasis rosea

284
Q

hyperkeratosis and Munro abscesses

A

psoriasis

285
Q

woman with patch for most of her life

A

lentigo malinga

286
Q

exclamation mark hair

A

alopecia areata

287
Q

build up of what in PCT

A

urophorphinogen

288
Q

what is Myasthenia Gravis and ix

A

anti-Ach receptors, nerve conduction study + stimulation

289
Q

breast tumour marker

A

CA15-3

290
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

popcorn or cotton wool calcification

291
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

predominant bizarre delusions with some passivity

292
Q

hebenephric schizophrenia

A

affective symptoms causing childish behaviour and prominent thought disorder

293
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

predominant motor abnormalities including postural and waxy flexibility

294
Q

simple schizophrenia

A

social withdrawal, odd behaviour and emotional blunting without hallucinations

295
Q

treatment for CMV retinitis

A

ganciclovir

296
Q

vertebral level of bifurcation aorta

A

L3-4

297
Q

describe the semi lunar valves

A

right left and posterior cusps

298
Q

what causes respiratory acidosis

A

pneumonia, asthma

299
Q

respiratory alkalosis causes

A

anxiety, aspirin poisoning

300
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

DKA lactic acidosis, alcohol

301
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting, diarrhoea

Finals (11 decks)

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