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VSCI300 PATH > repro > Flashcards

repro Flashcards

1
Q

desc the 3 x chromosomal sex abn

A

female - XO or XXX (= ovarian dysgenesis/hypoplasia)

male - XXY (klinefeltzer) = testicular hypoplasia

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2
Q

what are intersexes

A

when the gonads, ext genitalia and phenotypic genders dont match

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3
Q

desc the 3 diff types of hermaphrodite

A 
unilat = 2 x ovotestes OR both on each side
bilat = ovotestis + either
lat = one of each
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4
Q

desc free martins

A

female calf of a boy-girl twin. due to placental b vessel fusion - she received anti-mullerian hormones, which prevented her paramesenophric duct (and therfore ovaries) developing normally. hypoplastic vulva and infertile (90%)

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5
Q

name 2 causes of ovarian haemorrhage

A

enucleation of the CL

during ovulation

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6
Q

what path might causes ovaritis/oophoritis

A

a. pyogenes from asc uterine infection

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7
Q

what is follicular atresia

A

either physiological or result of starvation senescence

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8
Q

what are para-ovarian cysts

A

remn of male mesonephric ducts

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9
Q

desc follicular cycts and what signs might be indicative

A

2ry follicles which havent ovulated or leutinised.
–> endometrial hyperplasia, non-cyclical activity
if polycystic = hyperoestrogenism and bulling/nyphomania

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10
Q

what are leutinised cyst and are they a problem

A

no problem, were just immature when LH surged so not ovulated

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11
Q

where are cystic corpus lutea found

A

at the ovulatory papilla if the ovulatory fossa closed prematurely

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12
Q

name 2 neoplasms of the ovary from the epithelium

A

papillary cystadenoma/-carcinoma

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13
Q

name the most common ovarian neoplasm

A

granulosa celluloma (benign, secretes oestrogen_

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14
Q

what are the 2 ovarian germ cell tumours

A

dysgerminoma and teratoma

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15
Q

what could inflam of the mesosalpinx lead to

A

temp infertility as the cilia are damaged

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16
Q

name 3 displacements of the uterus

A

rupture
torsion
prolapse

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17
Q

desc the endometrial hyperplasia and some path causes

A

oestrogen
- granulosa cell tumour
- polycystic ovaries
progesterone on an oestr primed endometrium
- retain CL (cows- didnt prod PGF2a; bitches- didnt regress)

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18
Q

what does progesterone mediated endometrial hyperplasia predispose the uterus to

A

pyometra

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19
Q

name some infectious agents which can cause inflam of the uterus - in non-pregn cow

A
  • BHV-1 (IBR)
  • Campy fetus venerealis
  • Brucella abortus
  • Myco Tb
  • Tritrichomonas fetus
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20
Q

name some non-spp specific agents which can cause an asc uterine infection

A 
salmonella
e coli
clostridia
fusobacterium necrohprum
a. pyogenes
haemolytic strep
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21
Q

name some bitch specific pathogens which can lead to pyometra

A

proteus
staph
strep
e coli

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22
Q

name some mare-specific path for uterine infections/pyometra

A
  • Haemophilis equigenitalis (CEM)
  • strep zooepidemicus
  • e coli
  • klebsiella
  • pasteurella
  • pseudomonas
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23
Q

name 2 types of primary neoplasms of the uterus

A

leiomyoma/-sarcoma

adenoma/-carcinoma

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24
Q

why is the gravid-uterus more likely to get infected

A
  • prog stimu
  • chorionic-epithelium secretes substances that predispose to infection
  • placenta and embryo are immune-privelidged eg no immune cells there to protect
  • access via blood, asc infection
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25
when does mummification occur
foetal death wo presence of uterine infection
26
what is maceration and emphysema
when foetal death with presence of uterine infection maceration = 'gelly like' and aborted if early but if failed to be fully aborted --> the foetus gets invaded by gas forming bacteria = emphysematous
27
what is hyramnios/allantois
fluid in amnion and allantois. rare, but issue in ruminants - causes dam wasting, lack of space inside
28
name the main causes of bacterial abortion in cattle
brucella abortus campylobacter fetus fetus (s); fetus veneralis (cattle) chlamydophila abortus (s)
29
what type of abortion does brucella casue
yellow, soft necrotic cotyledones notifiable foetus has serosanguinous fluid in s/c and cavities thick inter-cotyledonary membranes
30
when do both chlamydophila and campy cuse abortions
later term
31
what is the dx of a mycotic abortion
necrotising placentitis and fungal hyphae | foetus will also have hyphae in stomach
32
name the 2 protozoa which cause aboritons
toxo | neospora
33
what signs does a neospora abortion show
- mid-late abortion | - foetus = non-supp encephalitis, myocarditis, myositis and bradyz cysts
34
what are the differences bw neospora and txo abortions
``` toxo = sheep and goats toxo = late term abortions toxo = 'strawberry cotyledons' toxo = foetal necrosis in numerous tissue both = non-supp enceph. ```
35
name 6 viral causes of abortion
- BVDV (bov viral d+ virus) - BDV (border dz virus) - EHV-1 - parvo - PCV-2 - PRRS
36
what are the full effects of BVDV when infection is 1st or 2nd trimester
1st - mummification and abortion | 2nd - cerebellar hypo, hypomyelination, retinal atrophy, optic neuritis
37
what is border dz
pestivirus sheep version of BVDV hairy shakers
38
what are the foetal lesions from EHV-1
systemic oedema | hepatic necrosis
39
what other equine herpes virus can cause abortons
EHV4
40
how does PRRS cause abortions
2ry to umbical arteritis
41
how does PCV2 cause abortion
replicates in the foetal lymphoid tissue
42
what infectious agents cause vaginitis and vulvitis
BHV-1 EHV 3 (eq coital exanthema) Trypanosoma equiperdum F. necrophorum (necrotising)
43
Name 3 neoplasia of the vagina/vulva
TVT (transmissible venereal tumour) Fibroma Leiomyoma
44
What is a TVT
``` in the bitch and dog karyotype of neo cells rapid growth no metast spont regress wi 6mths ```
45
what innate factors of milk resist infection
``` lactoferrin lysozyme iGs lactoperoxidase PMN phagocytosis ```
46
cows lose resistance again what teat canal commensal with age
Strep. agalactiae
47
why are dairy cows predisposed
natural coagulum of keratin which block teat canal get damaged by constant trauma (milking) early let down wide teats
48
desc basic properties of strep mastitis
``` persistent virulence change environmental path acute -purulent inflm chronic - fibrotic ```
49
desc the basic properties of staph mastitis
younger severe - gangrenous acute - non-gangrenous, necrosis, granulomatous inflm (botryomycosis) chornic - w fibrosis and lobar atrophy
50
which staph are coagulase neg and pos
``` pos = aureuas, hyicus, intermedius neg = epidermis ```
51
what causes 'toxic' mastitis
1ry causes = e coli
52
what is 1ry toxic mastits
``` acute = systemic reaction so endotoxins and septicaemia --> bloody d/c histo = necrosis, oedema and inflm of epithelium, acini and ducts ```
53
what causes summer mastitis - necrotising supperative galatophoritis and abscess formation
mixed inf usally trueperella (arcanobact) pyogenes | hydrotae irritans
54
what types of m bovis mastitis are there. mbovis effects 4/4 and causes granulation tissue and blocked milk
1. miliary - early 2. chronic (90%) 3. caseous
55
what type of mastitis does nocardia give
lobar granulomatous
56
what type of mastitis does cryptococcus give
necrotising and granulomatous
57
what is contagious agalactiae in goats
mycoplasma agalactiae mediterranean countries septic mastitis
58
what are the causes of mononuclear interstitial mastitis in sheep and goats
m. agalactiae maedi-visna caprine arthritis and encephalitis
59
name 2 path which infect sheep and goats via teat canal
staph a | pasterurella haemolytica
60
name 2 path which gain entry via wounds
corynebacterium pseudo-tb | truperella pyogenes
61
which agent causes botryomycoses
staph a
62
what is MMAS in pigs
mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome | mixed causes - inc e coli, PRRS
63
mammary tumours are most freq type of tumour in the dog and 3rd most in the cat but wht % of each are malignant
40% bitch | 80% queen!
64
name the 4 types of benign mammary tumour in bitches
adenoma fibroadenoma mixed benign ductal papilloma
65
name the 2 main malignant forms of canine mammary gland
carcinoma - v infiltrative | sarcoma
66
what is the feline maligant tumour called, and why does it grow
prog stim fibroadenoma change regression pos after spay/termination of pregn
67
what are the pos causes of testicular hypotrophy
``` XXY cryptorchid fct'al neoplasia toxins trauma Zn defic ```
68
what are the risks of cryptorchid testes
torsion (-> total ischaemic necrosis) | tumours
69
what are the causes of testicular atrophy
``` hyperthermia tumour of other hyperoestrogenism nutritional defic (vit A+E) infection, inflm, trauma compression torsion ```
70
what are common path involved in orchitis and epididymitis
stres, staph, t. pyogenes, e coli -> abscess
71
name the specific pathogens which cause orchitis +/ epididymitis of the stallion
salm abortus equi eq viral arteritis - both cause necrotising vasculitis
72
name the specific pathogens which cause orchitis +/ epididymitis of the ram
``` corynebacterium pseudo-tb yersinia pseudo tb brucella ovis (infectious edpidymitis) ```
73
name the specific pathogens which cause orchitis +/ epididymitis of the dog
e coli proteus brucella canis
74
name the specific pathogens which cause orchitis +/ epididymitis of the bull
brucella abortus | m bovis
75
name 4 testicular neoplasia
sertoli cell seminoma teratoma leydig cell
76
desc the symptoms of sertoli cell tumour
feminisation in 25% from hyperoestrogenism | bi-lat alopecia, hyperpigm, testicular atrophy (on other side) and pendulous prepuce
77
what is the most common testicular tumour in stallion
teratoma
78
what causes prostate hyperplasia
inc prod of androgen which is 10x more potent that testosterone --> stim growth grows dorsally to block colon sign = tenesmus
79
what is the most common prostatis tumour
adenocarcinoma | metast to LN, bladder
80
what does phalloposthitis mean
inflm of penis and prepuce
81
what does balanoposthitis mean
inflm of glans penis and prepuce
82
what infectious agent cause inflm of the penis/prepuce
EHV3 | BHV 1
83
what are 5 neoplasia that the penis/prepuce can get
1. fibropapilloma 2. SC papilloma 3. sarcoids 4. SCC 5. TVT
84
name 3 tumours which are bovine papilloma virus cause - and which type
fibropapilloma - type 2 sarcoids - type 1 SC papilloma - unknown

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