Representation theory applied to Stranger Things Flashcards
Define hooks’ theory of representation
Hooks assets that the cultural subordination of BW has resulted in the absence of BW rep in MM. Only a few tokenistic BM reps have penetrated the MM and have come to represent the BC as a whole. We live in a white supremacist capitalist patriarchy. Systems of oppression are interconnected. Intersectional media aims to expose white male power and offer counter narratives.
Hooks theory of Feminism applied to ST
Absence of BW in the narrative. Oppositional perspective that Lucas is a tokenistic rep of BM. The town is ordered by white male power, with males assuming positions of high authority and power and females assuming subordinate roles. Joyce’s lowly social position is confounded by both her gender and class she is dismissed as unimportant. Atypical empowered rep of eleven as a WOD, and Nancy as a science genius.
Limitations of Hooks representation theory
Doesn’t consider alternative audience responses. Stranger Things aims to replicate the 80s, thus includes sexist/racist ideologies not as an endorsement but to increase verisimilitude. Participatory culture can circumvent the power and influence of bigoted representations.
Describe Hall’s theory of representation
Media representation are mediated to produce ideological inferences. Stereotypes can be repurposed through transcoding.
Application of Halls theory to ST
Counter typical representation.
Joyce is initially presented as hysterical. But the narrative positions audiences to empathise with her as it is revealed that her anxiety and fear are rooted in truth rather than delusion. Hopper is initially presented as rude, dismissive but is later revealed to be suffering from MHI.
Limitation of Halls theory
Application to one episode in a LFTD neglects character development.
Describe Butlers representation theory.
Gender and sexuality are culturally rather than naturally configured. They are constructed through repeated actions and rituals. Gender based cues are learned/imitated from media products.
Application of Butlers theory on ST
Most characters assume traditional gender roles and engage in gender performativity. Harrington is presented as a womaniser and Nancy is concerned with social position as a teen girl. However, due to 11s I+A from MC she does not learn gender based cues and is mistaken as a boy.
Limitation of Butler’s theory
Difficult to apply her theory of gender on one episode of a LFTD as according to Butler gender is fluid and can be constantly revised.
Describe Zoonen’s representation theory
The media creates objectified representations of women by restricted them to secondary, passive roles and males as active agents.
Application of Zoonen’s representation
Almost all of the women in the narrative are restricted to secondary roles most noticeably Mrs Wheeler and Flo who is routinely dismissed by her male colleagues.
Limitations of Zoonen’s theory
Neglects the possibility of alternative representations in the mainstream, and also how other sexism can confound other oppressed identities.
