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Ph Biodiversity > Report 9 > Flashcards

Report 9 Flashcards

1
Q

is a renowned biodiversity hotspot. It is located in Southeast Asia and consists of thousands of islands, making it one of the world’s most biologically diverse regions

A

philippines

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2
Q

The importance of biodiversity in the Philippines, lies in its crucial role in maintaining

A

ecological stability and promoting human well-being

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3
Q

BENEFITS OFFERED

A

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
FOOD SECURITY
MEDICINE AND PHARMACEUTICALS
ECONOMIC VALUE
ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE
GENETIC RESOURCES
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL VALUE

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4
Q

Threats to Philippine Biodiversity

A

habitat loss
climate change
invasive species
overexploitation
pollution
agriculture and land use
mining

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5
Q

under habitat loss

A

deforestation
urbanization
agriculture

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6
Q

According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the country’s forest cover decreased from approximately ________ f its total land area in the early 20th century to just around________ by 2015. This represents a significant loss of forested habitats.

A

70% ; 23%

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7
Q

Deforestation in the Philippines is driven by

A

logging, both legal and illegal, as well as land conversion for agriculture and infrastructure development

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8
Q

_______________ also contribute to forest degradation

A

Slash-and-burn agriculture, mining, and forest fires

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9
Q

Urbanization in the Philippines is occurring at an alarming rate, with more people moving to cities and towns. This urban sprawl often leads to the clearing of natural habitats for ____________

A

residential, commercial, and industrial purposes

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10
Q

Urbanization can result in ______

A

habitat fragmentation, pollution, and the loss of green spaces, negatively affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

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11
Q

_____________ is a major driver of habitat loss in the Philippines. Forests and other natural habitats are often cleared to make way for __________

A

agriculture ; crop cultivation, including rice, sugarcane, and palm oil plantations

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12
Q

crucial for biodiversity and water regulation, are also drained and converted into agricultural land, exacerbating habitat loss

A

wetlands

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13
Q

under climate change

A

rising temperature
sea level rise
extreme weather

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14
Q

can have adverse effects on agriculture, water resources, and human health, potentially leading to reduced crop yields, water scarcity, and heat-related illnesses

A

increased temperatures

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15
Q

can also disrupt ecosystems and threaten biodiversity by altering the habitats and migration patterns of various species

A

warmer temperatures

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16
Q

The Philippines is highly vulnerable to sea-level rise due to its _______

A

extensive coastline and numerous low-lying coastal communities

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17
Q

Sea-level rise poses significant risks, including _______
These impacts can ________

A

coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources, and the increased frequency of coastal flooding

displace communities, damage infrastructure, and harm coastal ecosystems

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18
Q

has intensified extreme weather events in the Philippines, including typhoons (known as hurricanes or cyclones in other regions), heavy rainfall, and flooding

A

climate change

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19
Q

Increased rainfall and flooding can lead to ____

A

landslides, loss of lives, damage to homes and infrastructure, and disruptions to agriculture and transportation

20
Q

under invasive species

A

competition
predation
habitat alteration
disease & pathogen

21
Q

They can outcompete native species for resources like food, water, and habitat, leading to the decline or extinction of native species

A

competition

22
Q

This can lead to population declines or even extinctions among native fauna

A

predation

23
Q

Invasive plants can alter ecosystems by

A

hanging the structure and composition of vegetation, which in turn affects the availability of resources and the habitat for native species

24
Q

Invasive species can introduce ______ causing significant harm to local ecosystems

A

new diseases and pathogens to native populations

25
Q

examples of invasive species

A

water hyacinth
african catfish
golden appple snail

26
Q

under overexplotation

A

overfishing
illegal logging

27
Q

According to a report by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), around ______ of Philippine waters are overfished or fully exploited

A

60%-70%

28
Q

Many commercially important fish species, such as ______ are subject to overfishing, resulting in declining catches and reduced income for local fisherfolk

A

tuna, sardines and groupers

29
Q

The impacts of overfishing on marine life include the

A

disruption of food chains, reduced biodiversity, and the collapse of fish stocks

30
Q

__________ indicate that illegal logging and unsustainable logging practices have led to the loss of thousands of hectares of forest annually

A

Data from the Forest Management Bureau (FMB)

31
Q

under pollution

A

water pollution
air pollution

32
Q

can have severe consequences for aquatic ecosystems. It leads to a decrease in water quality, oxygen depletion, and the introduction of harmful substances. These factors harm aquatic organisms, including fish and invertebrates, by reducing their habitat quality, causing diseases, and impairing reproduction

A

water pollution

33
Q

is linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and other health issues among the Filipino population. It particularly affects vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. primarily caused by vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and the burning of fossil fuels and biomass for energy production

A

air pollution

34
Q

under agriculture and land use

A

pesticides
monoculture farming

35
Q

such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, are often used to control pests and boost crop yields. However, they can also harm non-target species, including beneficial insects, birds, and aquatic organisms, through direct contact, ingestion, or habitat contamination

A

pesticides

36
Q

When predators feed on multiple contaminated prey, these toxins can become more concentrated

A

biomagnification

37
Q

involves growing a single crop over large areas. This practice reduces habitat diversity for other plants and wildlife. It can lead to the displacement of native flora and fauna, as well as a decline in biodiversity

A

monoculture farming

38
Q

under mining

A

habitat destruction
water pollution

39
Q

involves clearing large areas of forests and other natural habitats to access mineral deposits. This habitat destruction can lead to the displacement and loss of numerous plant and animal species, including those that may be endemic or endangered.

A

mining

40
Q

is a common problem in mining areas. It occurs when sulfide minerals in the ore react with air and water, producing acidic runoff that can contaminate surface and groundwater

A

Acid mine drainage (AMD)

41
Q

can smother riverbeds and aquatic habitats, degrading water quality and destroying important breeding grounds for fish and other aquatic organisms

A

sedimentation from mining operations

42
Q

PROTECTED AREAS AND CONSERVATION ZONES

A

TUBBATAHA Reefs Natural Park (UNESCO)
Mount Apo Natural Park
Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center

43
Q

CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS

A

Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources
Philippine Eagle Foundation
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Philippines

44
Q

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

A

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act and the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act

The Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB)

45
Q

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

A

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

46
Q

initiatives involve local communities in biodiversity protection efforts. These projects often focus on sustainable resource management, eco-tourism, and environmental education.

A

Community-based conservation

47
Q

are essential for fostering a sense of stewardship among the public and promoting responsible environmental practices

A

Educational programs and awareness campaigns

Ph Biodiversity (12 decks)

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