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Ph Biodiversity > Report 2 > Flashcards

Report 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describes the variety of species
in an ecosystem and the
essential interdependence of all
life forms

A

biodiversity

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2
Q

The number of species in an area

A

species richness

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3
Q

Species richness tends to be higher
near the equator

A

tropical rainforests have the highest
biodiversity

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4
Q

three types of biodiversity

A
  1. diversity of species
  2. diversity of ecosystem
  3. diversity of genes
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5
Q

Defined as the number of different species
present in a place and relative abundance of
each of those species

A

diversity of species

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6
Q

Defined as the variety of different habitats,
communities and ecological processes

A

diversity of ecosystem

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7
Q

Describes the total number of different alleles
found within a species

A

diversity of genes

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8
Q

importance of biodiversity

A
  • biodiversity protects against climate
  • biodiversity ensures food security
  • biodiversity fights disease
  • biodiversity supports communities
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9
Q

Ecosystems rely on all parts from the smallest
bacteria to the largest vertebrate. Everything is
interconnected. Some produce oxygen that others
breathe. Some provide food for bigger species
which in turn become prey for bigger species.
Every living organism has a role to play in
maintaining the balance. When you remove one
element you change the balance and can ultimately
lose far more than that one species.

A

Ecosystems rely on all parts from the smallest
bacteria to the largest vertebrate. Everything is
interconnected. Some produce oxygen that others
breathe. Some provide food for bigger species
which in turn become prey for bigger species.
Every living organism has a role to play in
maintaining the balance. When you remove one
element you change the balance and can ultimately
lose far more than that one species.

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10
Q

the complete
disappearance of a species from
Earth

A

extinction

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11
Q

The natural process of organisms
dying off and naturally occurs at
a slow rate (usually after a
catastrophic event)

A

extinction

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12
Q

happens if an
environmental change occurs
faster than animals and plants
can adapt to it

A

extinction

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13
Q

a short period of
geological time in which a high
percentage of biodiversity, or distinct
species—bacteria, fungi, plants,
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
fish, invertebrates—dies out

A

mass extinction

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14
Q

5 mass extinction in history

A

ORDOVICIAN -
SILURIAN PERIOD
(443 MYA) 85%

DEVONIAN PERIOD
(374 MYA) 70%

PERMIAN -
TRIASSIC PERIOD
(250 MYA) 95%

TRIASSIC - JURASSIC PERIOD
(200 MYA) 76%

CRETACEOUS -
PALEOGENE
PERIOD
(66 MYA)
80%

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15
Q

FACTORS THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE
TO MASS EXTINCTION

A

01 Changes in sea levels
02 Continental movement
03 Geologic events like volcanic eruption
04 Global warming and cooling
05 Meteor impact

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16
Q

Refers to the rate at which species are disappearing or
becoming extinct from the Earth.

A

extinction rate

17
Q

It is typically
measured as the number of species that go extinct over
a specific period of time

A

extinctions per million species per year (E/MSY)

18
Q

SPECIES AT RISK
CLASSIFICATIONS:

A

-extirpated
- endangered
- threatened

19
Q

The species is extinct from an ecosystem,
but exist elsewhere.

A

extirpated

20
Q

Species is facing extinction/extirpation

A

endangered

21
Q

Species is at risk of being endangered if factors
are not changed

A

threatened

22
Q

Over 98% of the species that have ever
existed are extinct

A

begum 2021

23
Q

Today, 93 (36%) endemic species are
threatened with extinction in the Philippine
Archipelago

A

birdlife international 2021

24
Q

Some___ of
the genetic
diversity of
crop plants
been lost in
the past
century

A

75%

25
Q

Some scientists
estimate that as
many as 3 species
per hour are
going to extinct
and _______
extinctions occur
each year.

A

20,000

26
Q

Roughly __________ of the
world’s coral
reef systems
have been
destroyed or
highly
degraded

A

1/3

27
Q

About ____ of
mammals and
____ of bird
species are
currently
considered to be
globally
threatened

A

24%
12%

28
Q

More than ____ of
the world’s
wetlands have been
drained, and
populations of
inland water and
wetland species
have declined by
50% between 1970
and 1999

A

50%

29
Q

NINE OF THE BEST-KNOWN ENDANGERED SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

A
  • philippine eagle
  • tamaraw
  • philippine crocodile
  • walden’s hornbill
  • net coral
  • visayan warty pig
  • tarsier
  • philippine forest turtle
  • negros bleeding heart
30
Q

“PEARL OF THE ORIENT SEA,
DESCENDING FROM GLORY:
THE DECLINING PHILIPPINE
BIODIVERSITY”

A

biance ferrer 2023

31
Q

_______ plant and animal species can be found in the archipelago; ______ key biodiversity areas (KBAs)

A

53,000; 228

32
Q

The philippines has lost ______ of its original forest cover sinces 1900s; ______ hectares of forest cover are lost annually due to logging, slash-and-burn cultivation

A

93%; 47,000

33
Q

The severity of biodiversity loss is
further emphasized by the alarming
number of threatened species: The
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) has
identified

A

700 threatened plant and animal species
984 plant species “critically endangered, endangered, and threatened” in 2013

34
Q

natural causes of extinction

A

Natural disasters
Competition
Disease
Climate change

35
Q

ANTHROPOGENIC
CAUSES:

A

Pollution
Overexploitation
Habitat Destruction and
Fragmentation
Invasive Species
Habitat Degradation
Illegal Wildlife Trade
Overharvesting of
Resources
Agricultural Practices

36
Q

CONSERVATION TO
MITIGATE EXTINCTION

A
  1. Legislation and regulation
  2. Education and awareness
  3. Monitoring and research
  4. Breeding and reintroduction programs
  5. Legally binding agreements
37
Q
A

Ph Biodiversity (12 decks)

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