Replication, Transcription, Translation Flashcards
topoisomerase function
keeps DNA from coiling back up
DNA polymerase 2 function
proof reads daughter strand
DNA polymerase 1 and 3 function
form daughter strand
griffith’s experiment
injecting a heat killed s bacteria and live r bacteria killed the mouse because type r turned into type s
griffith’s experiment findings
there is genetic material responsible for the transformation principle
Avery experiment and findings
DNA is the genetic material because only purified DNA from type s can change type r bacteria into type s
Hershey and chase findings
DNA is the genetic material in many organisms
Hershey and chase experiment
labeled t2 phage proteins with 32P and DNA with 35S. after phage injected its genetic material into a bacterial cell, most of the 35S and little of the 32P was left.
Rosalind Franklin experiment and findings
used x-ray diffraction to show that DNA was a double helix
Watson and crick experiment and findings
found that DNA is a double helix by using a ball and stick model
chargaff’s rule
purines always bond to pyrimidines. A bonds with T. C bonds with G
x ray diffraction helped to discover that
DNA was a double helix, each turn had 10 base pairs, and the back bone is on the outside of the helix
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
purines
bases with a double ring structure (A and G)
pyrimidines
bases with a single ring structure (C, T, and U)
nucleotide structure
phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base.
backbone of DNA is composed of
phosphate group and sugar
gel electrophoresis
technique used to separate macromolecules
number of hydrogen bonds between base pairs
A-T : 2
C-G : 3
semiconservative replication
new DNA contains one parent and one daughter strand
