Evolution Test

Question 1

Homology

Answer 1

A fundamental similarity that occurs in different species due to the descent from a common ancestor

Question 2

Homologous structures

Answer 2

Anatomical structures that are similar throughout different species that are derived from a common ancestor

Question 3

Vestigial structures

Answer 3

Anatomical features that have no apparent function but resemble structures of of the ancestors

Question 4

Developmental homologies

Answer 4

Similarities during embryonic development of species that look substantially different as adults

Question 5

Molecular homologies

Answer 5

Similarities in features of cells

Question 6

Homologous genes

Answer 6

2 genes derived from the same ancestral gene

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

Organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce will pass on their genetic info to future generations

Question 8

Natural selection leads to

Answer 8

Adaptations

Question 9

Adaptations

Answer 9

A form of evolutionary change in which a populations characteristics change to make its members better suited to the environment

Question 10

Inheritance of aquired characteristics

Answer 10

Behavioral changes modify traits, these traits are then passed to offspring

Question 11

Lamark’s main idea

Answer 11

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 12

Analogous structures / convergent traits

Answer 12

Similar characteristics in different species with different evolutionary lineages due to convergent evolution

Question 13

Darwinian fitness measures

Answer 13

Reproductive success

Question 14

Darwinian fitness

Answer 14

The likelihood that a genotype will contribute to a future generation’s gene pool as compared to other genotype a

Question 15

Anagenesis

Answer 15

A single species is transformed into a different species over the course of many generations

Question 16

Cladogenesis

Answer 16

A division of species into 2 or more species

Question 17

Gene pool

Answer 17

All the genes in a population

Question 18

Microevolution

Answer 18

Changes in a population’s gene pool from generation to generation

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

Naturally found only in one particular location

Question 20

Biological evolution

Answer 20

A heritable change in characteristics of a population across many generations

Question 21

Disruptive selection

Answer 21

Individuals at the extremes have greater reproductive success and the intermediate types have less reproductive success

Question 22

Directional selection

Answer 22

Individuals at one extreme have greater reproductive success

Question 23

Stabilizing selection

Answer 23

Individuals in the intermediate have greater reproductive success

Question 24

Macro evolution

Answer 24

Evolutionary changes that create new species and groups of species

Question 25

Competition for mates occurs during

Answer 25

Sexual selection

Question 26

Habitat isolation

Answer 26

2 species cannot interbreed because they are geographically separated

Question 27

Mechanical isolation

Answer 27

Two species cannot interbreed because of incompatible genitalia

Question 28

Temporal isolation

Answer 28

Two species cannot interbreed because they reproduce at different times

Question 29

Gametic isolation

Answer 29

Two species cannot produce offspring because the gametes fail to unite to successfully fertilize

Question 30

Behavioral isolation

Answer 30

Two species do not interbreed because they do not attract mates the same way

Question 31

Prezygotic mechanisms

Answer 31

Prevent the formation of a zygote (prevent interbreeding)

Question 32

Postzygotic mechanisms

Answer 32

Block the development of viable and fertile offspring

Question 33

Stabilizing selection tends to _______ genetic diversity

Answer 33

Decrease

Question 34

Disruptive selection is more likely to occur in what type of environments?

Answer 34

Diverse

Question 35

Balancing selection

Answer 35

Maintains genetic diversity by keeping alleles in balance

Question 36

Intrasexual selection

Answer 36

Between members of the same sex

Question 37

Intersexual selection

Answer 37

Between members of the opposite sex

Question 38

Effects of interbreeding

Answer 38

* increase of homozygotes * decrease of heterozygotes * decrease of mean fitness

Question 39

Stromatolites

Answer 39

Layered rock like structures formed by Cyanobacteria

Question 40

Malthus's main idea

Answer 40

Only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce

Question 41

Who co-discovered evolution at the same time as Darwin

Answer 41

Wallace

Question 42

Convergent evolution

Answer 42

Two different species from different lineages show similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments

Question 43

Alleles

Answer 43

Different forms of a particular gene

Question 44

Hardy Weinberg conditions

Answer 44

* population is large * random mating * no migration * no natural selection * no new mutations

Question 45

Mean fitness of a population

Answer 45

Average reproductive success of members of a population

Question 46

Gene flow

Answer 46

When individuals migrate between populations having different allele frequencies

Question 47

Interbreeding depression

Answer 47

When interbreeding produces homozygotes that are less fit, thereby decreasing the reproductive success of the population

Question 48

Speciation

Answer 48

Formation of new species

Question 49

Allopathic speciation

Answer 49

Speciation caused when members of a species become geographically separated form other members

Question 50

Hybrid zones

Answer 50

The zones where two populations can interbreed before complete reproductive isolation

Question 51

Sympathetic speciation

Answer 51

Members of a species that initially occupy the same habitat diverge into two or more different species

Question 52

Gradulism

Answer 52

Each new species evolves continuously over long spans of time

Question 53

Evolutionary developmental biology

Answer 53

New field of biology that compares the development of different organisms to try and understand ancestral relationships

Question 54

Allometric growth

Answer 54

When different parts of the body grow at different rates

Question 55

Species

Answer 55

Group of related organisms that share a distinctive form

Question 56

Hominids appeared in what period

Answer 56

Tertiary

Question 56

Period reptiles emerged

Answer 56

Carboniferous

Question 56

Period where land plants and Arthropods appeared

Answer 56

Ordovician

Question 56

Large coal deposits and land animals in what period

Answer 56

Carboniferous

Question 57

Period with earliest vascular plants

Answer 57

Selerium

Question 57

Period when amniotic egg appeared

Answer 57

Carboniferous

Question 57

p and q represent

Answer 57

Allele frequencies

Question 57

Artificial selection is driven by

Answer 57

People selecting traits they want in organisms