Chpt 15: Mitosis And Meiosis

Question 1

steps of mitosis

Answer 1

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 2

events of interphase

Answer 2

▫DNA replicates

Question 3

events of prophase

Answer 3

▫nuclear membrane breaks down

▫chromosomes condense

Question 4

events of prometaphase

Answer 4

▫mitotic spindle formed

Question 5

events of metaphse

Answer 5

▫chromosomes line up a long the metaphase plate

Question 6

events of anaphase

Answer 6

▫chromosomes are pulled apart as spindle fibers contract

Question 7

events of telophase

Answer 7

▫nucleus reforms

▫chromosomes decondense

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

division of cytoplasm from one mother cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 9

events of prophase 1

Answer 9

▫crossing over occurs

▫nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 10

events of prometaphase 1

Answer 10

tetrad attaches to kinetochore microtubules

Question 11

events of metaphase 1

Answer 11

tetrads align along metaphase plate

Question 12

anaphase 1

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles

Question 13

telophase 1

Answer 13

▫nuclear membrane reforms

▫chromosomes decondense

Question 14

prophase 2

Answer 14

▫sister chromatids condense

▫nuclear membrane dissapears

Question 15

prometaphase 2

Answer 15

▫sister chromatids attach to spindle fibers via kinetochore

Question 16

metaphase 2

Answer 16

▫sister chromatids align along metaphase plate

Question 17

anaphase 2

Answer 17

▫kinetochore microtubules shorten

▫sister chromatic seperate

Question 18

telophase 2

Answer 18

▫chromosomes decondense
▫nuclear membrane reforms
▫2 diploid cells into 4 haploid

Question 19

sister chromatids

Answer 19

2 duplicated chromatids still joined to each other after DNA replication

Question 20

centromere

Answer 20

region where sister chromatids are tightly associated

Question 21

diploid, 2n

Answer 21

a cell that carries 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 22

haploid, n

Answer 22

cell containing one set of chromosomes

Question 23

cell plate

Answer 23

structure that forms a cell wall between 2 daughter cell

Question 24

cleavage furrow

Answer 24

an area in animal cells that constricts to separate cells

Question 25

spindle apparatus

Answer 25

protein fibers responsible for organizing and sorting chromosomes

Question 26

homologous chromosomes

Answer 26

the members of a pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism

Question 27

kinetochore

Answer 27

a group of proteins that binds to the centromere that helps sort chromosomes

Question 28

histones

Answer 28

a group of proteins involved in the formation of nucleosomes

Question 29

how are DNA and histones attracted

Answer 29

the negative charge of the phosphate on DNA is attracted to the positive charge on histone proteins

Question 30

nucleosomes

Answer 30

a structural unit of eukaryotic DNA that is composed of 8 histone proteins wrapped with DNA

Question 31

sporophyte

Answer 31

the diploid generation of some plants with alternating generations

Question 32

gametophyte

Answer 32

the haploid stage of some plants with alternating generations

Question 33

microtubules

Answer 33

protein fibers that make up the spindle apparatus

Question 34

astral microtubules

Answer 34

position spindle apparatus in the cell, extend away from chromosomes

Question 35

polar microtubules

Answer 35

help to separate the two poles of the cell

Question 36

kinetochore microtubules

Answer 36

help pull sister chromatids apart, bind to kinetochores

Question 37

tetrads (bivalents)

Answer 37

homologous chromosomes lying side by side

Question 38

crossing over

Answer 38

a physical exchange of chromosome pieces of a bivalent

Question 39

chiasmata

Answer 39

the connection at a crossover site of 2 chromosomes

Question 40

synapsis

Answer 40

the process of forming a bivalent

Question 41

aneuploidy

Answer 41

not having the correct number of chromosomes

Question 42

alloploid

Answer 42

an organism that contains at least 1 set of chromosomes from 2 or more different species

Question 43

euploid

Answer 43

an organism that have the correct number of chromosomes

Question 44

trisomic

Answer 44

an aneuploid with one too many chromosomes

Question 45

polyploidy

Answer 45

an organism with 3 or more sets of chromosomes

Question 46

monosomic

Answer 46

an aneuploid with one too few chromosomes

Question 47

diploid dominant species

Answer 47

species in which the diploid organism is the prevalent organism in the life cycle

Question 48

haploid dominant species

Answer 48

species in which the haploid organism is the prevalent organism in the life cycle

Question 49

karyotype

Answer 49

a photographic representation of chromosomes that tells how many are in an actively dividing cell

Question 50

metacentric

Answer 50

chromosome with centromere near the middle

Question 51

submetacentric

Answer 51

chromosome with centromere off center

Question 52

acrocentric

Answer 52

chromosome with a centromere near one end

Question 53

telocentric

Answer 53

chromosome with centromere at one end

Question 54

3 ways to identify chromosomes

Answer 54

size, centromere location, banding pattern

Question 55

inversion

Answer 55

a change in the direction of the genetic material along a single chromosome

Question 56

duplication

Answer 56

when a section of chromosome occurs 2 or more times

Question 57

deficiency

Answer 57

when a segment of chromosomal material is missing

Question 58

simple translocation

Answer 58

a single piece of a chromosome is attached to another

Question 59

reciprocal translocation

Answer 59

when 2 different types of chromosomes exchange pieces

Question 60

nondisjunction

Answer 60

an event in which chromosomes don't sort properly during cell division

Question 61

cancer suppressor gene

Answer 61

p53

Question 62

cells that undergo mitosis

Answer 62

somatic cells

Question 63

cells that undergo meiosis

Answer 63

germ cells

Question 64

G1

Answer 64

cell increases in size and prepares to replicate DNA

Question 65

S Phase

Answer 65

cell replicates DNA | ends with 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 66

G2

Answer 66

cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division

Question 67

G0

Answer 67

nondividing stage

Question 68

G1 checkpoint looks for

Answer 68

no DNA damage | sufficient recourses

Question 69

S checkpoint looks for

Answer 69

no errors during DNA replication

Question 70

G2 checkpoint looks for

Answer 70

DNA without damage chromosome set complete enough cell components

Question 71

M phase (mitosis) checkpoint

Answer 71

all the chromosomes must be attached to motor if spindles