Chapter 4&5 Cells/Cell Membrane

Question 1

Electron v light microscope

Answer 1

Electron can see smaller things because the electron beam waves are smaller

Question 2

TEM microscope

Answer 2

Had the best resolution, not used on living cells

Question 3

SEM microscope

Answer 3

Provides a 3D image of the surface of the cell

Question 4

Cell theory

Answer 4

1. All living things are made of cells
2. cells are the smallest unit of life
3. cells come from preexisting cells

Question 5

Organelles only animal cells have

Answer 5

• lysosomes

* centrioles

Question 6

Organelles only plant cells have

Answer 6

• central vacuole
• chloroplasts
• cell wall

Question 7

What are the semiautonomous organelles

Answer 7

• mitochondria
• chloroplasts
• Peroxisomes

Question 8

What is a semiautonomous organelle?

Answer 8

San organelles that can divide on its own but relies on the rest of the cell too

Question 9

Microtubule function

Answer 9

• cell shape
• cell organization
• orient during division
• organize chromosomes during mitosis

Question 10

Intermediate fillaments

Answer 10

•Cell shape and rigidity
•mechanical strength
•anchorage
(Most stable)

Question 11

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Answer 11

• cell strength and shape

* support plasma membrane

Question 12

Actin filaments are highly concentrated where?

Answer 12

Near the plasma membrane

Question 13

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 13

One or more regions are embedded in the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid bolster

Question 14

Lipid anchor

Answer 14

Membrane protein covalently attached to a lipid

Question 15

The 2 types of integral (intrinsic) proteins are

Answer 15

Transmembrane and lipid anchor

Question 16

Peripheral proteins (extrinsic)

Answer 16

Membrane protein bound to the polar head of the phospholipid or to a transmembrane protein

Question 17

Removal of peripheral proteins does what?

Answer 17

Exposes cells to high salt concentrations

Question 18

Transport proteins allow for the transport of

Answer 18

Ions and large polar molecules

Question 19

Passive diffusion moves

Answer 19

Small, uncharged polar molecules

Question 20

Crenation

Answer 20

Shrinking of cells as water leaves due to being in a hypertonic solution

Question 21

Turgor pressure

Answer 21

Pushes plasma membrane against cell wall.

Is needed to maintain proper cell shape

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

Diffusion of water

Question 23

Aquporin

Answer 23

Transport protein that allows for the facilitated diffusion of water

Question 24

Channel proteins

Answer 24

Transmembrane proteins that open passageways for the facilitated diffusion of ions and molecules

Question 25

Gates channel proteins

Answer 25

Can open and close to regulate movement of solute particles

Question 26

Ligand gates channel proteins

Answer 26

Controlled by the binding of ligands

Important in signals between muscles and nerve cells

Question 27

Voltage gates channel proteins

Answer 27

Controlled by the amount of electrical charge across the membrane
(Sodium and potassium channels in nerve cells)

Question 28

Carrier/transporter

Answer 28

Membrane protein that binds to absolute and changes shape to allow movement d the solute across the membrane

Question 29

Pumps are

Answer 29

Transporters that require energy

Question 30

Active transport

Answer 30

Movement against the concentration gradient from low to high

Question 31

Pinocytosis

Answer 31

Formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane as a way to internalize extra cellular fluid

Question 32

Phagocytosis

Answer 32

Huge membrane vesicle (phagosome) forms to engulf a late particle like a bacterium

Question 33

2 specific types of Endocytosis

Answer 33

• Pinocytosis

* phagocytosis