Chpt. 16 Simple Patterns Of Inheritance

Question 1

particulate inheritance

Answer 1

the idea what hereditary traits are passed intact from one generation to the next

Question 2

true breeding

Answer 2

homozygote

Question 3

single factor cross

Answer 3

cross with patients of only one trait

Question 4

P generation

Answer 4

parental generation

Question 5

law of segregation

Answer 5

the two copies of a gene separate from each other during transmission from parents to offspring

Question 6

testcross

Answer 6

researcher crosses an individual with an unknown genotype to a homozygous recessive individual and looks at the offspring to determine its genotype

Question 7

law of independent assortment

Answer 7

the alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation

Question 8

locus

Answer 8

location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 9

what causes independent assortment

Answer 9

the random alignment of chromosome pairs during meiosis 1

Question 10

random sampling error

Answer 10

the difference between the observed and expected outcomes

Question 11

product rule

Answer 11

the probability that two or more independent events will occur is equal to the product of their individual probabilities

Question 12

sum rule

Answer 12

the probability that one of two or more mutually exclusive outcomes will occur is the sum of the probabilities of the possible outcomes

Question 13

hemizygous

Answer 13

the single copy of an x linked gene in a male

Question 14

mendelian inheretance

Answer 14

inheritance of genes that independently assort

Question 15

pleiotropy

Answer 15

a mutation in a single gene that has multiple effects on an individuals phenotype

Question 16

3 reasons for pleiotropy

Answer 16

▫expression of a single gene can affect cell function in multiple ways
▫gene may be expressed in multiple cell types
▫genes may be expressed at different stages of development

Question 17

incomplete dominance

Answer 17

blend of traits

Question 18

codominance

Answer 18

both traits expressed

Question 19

sex influenced inheretance

Answer 19

an allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the other (pattern baldness)

Question 20

norm of reaction

Answer 20

effects of environmental variation in a phenotype

Question 21

plant cell contains how many genomes

Answer 21

3

Question 22

animal cells contain how many genomes

Answer 22

2

Question 23

reasons Mendel used pea plants as a model

Answer 23

▫few traits with visible differences
▫self fertilizing
▫simple dom-rec inheritance pattern

Question 24

maternal effects

Answer 24

mom provides gene products to developing egg cells

Question 25

turner syndrome

Answer 25

▫XO

▫muscular, lean, small breasts, infertile

Question 26

Edwards syndrome

Answer 26

trisomy 18

Question 27

down syndrome

Answer 27

trisomy 21

Question 28

albanism

Answer 28

recessive gene, no melanin

Question 29

progeria

Answer 29

premature aging, dominant

Question 30

sickle cell

Answer 30

linked to a resistance of malaria is heterozygous, involved hemoglobin

Question 31

hemophelia

Answer 31

blood clotting disorder, x-linked

Question 32

Marfan syndrome

Answer 32

extremely tall, loose body joints, dominant

Question 33

huntingtons

Answer 33

similar effects of dementia, dominant

Question 34

linkage

Answer 34

when two genes do not assort independently because they are on the same chromosome

Question 35

CF is

Answer 35

recessive

Question 36

hybridization

Answer 36

crossing with human interference

Question 37

blood type has what kind of inheritance patter

Answer 37

multiple alleles