Replication: Transcription & Translation

Question 0

Which of the following is NOT a way in which DNA is different from RNA?
A. The nitrogenous bases
B. The number of strands
C. The kind of sugar in the sugar phosphate backbone
D. None of the above

Answer 0

D. None of the above

• RNA has U instead of T
• Only 1 strand instead of 2
• ribose instead of deoxyribose

Question 1

_______ have anticodons.

A. mRNAs
B. Ribosomes
C. tRNAs
D. RNA Polymerases
E. Amino acids

Answer 1

C. tRNAs

Question 2

_______ are enzymes involved in transcription

A. mRNAs
B. Ribosomes
C. tRNAs
D. RNA Polymerase 
E. Amino acids

Answer 2

D. DNA polymerase

Question 3

True or False: a genetic mutation of a single nucleotide will always result in a different amino acid?

Answer 3

False: if you inspect the emetic code you can see that some amino acids can have multiple different mRNA codons. It is possible to get a mutation that will create an mRNA codon that will bring in the same amino acid as the original.

Question 4

What mRNA sequence would the DNA sequence AGTCCG code for?

Answer 4

A. UCAGGC

Question 5

One codon of mRNA reads GUA, which specifies valine. If a mutation changed the first nucleotide of the DNA coding for this RNA to A, use the emetic code to determine what amino acid will be put in after the mutation.

Answer 5

Leucine (Leu)

-the DNA that creates the GUA mRNA codon is CAT. If the first nucleotide is changed to an A, this DNA will read AAT instead of CAT. This leads to an mRNA of UUA instead of GUA, which is the amino acid Leucine.

Question 6

Why do genetic mutations often lead to disease?

A. Protein can no longer be synthesized from the DNA
B. A change in amino acid sequence can change protein shape
C. The mutant DNA itself directly interferes with the organisms function
D. Genetic mutations are usually beneficial and lead to development of time-travel capabilities?

Answer 6

B. A chance in amino acid sequence can change the shape of a protein.

-DNA only has power because it creates proteins that are highly depended on shape

Question 7

True or False: bacteria are able to follow DNA instructions from a cow, because the same mRNA codons code for the same amino acids in bacteria as they do in cows?

Answer 7

True- the genetic code is universal amongst all life

Question 8

Wen genetic engineering bacteria, what is the extra chromosomal DNA that may be involved in transferring genes?

A. Plasmid
B. Restriction enzyme
C. Viral DNA
D. Ribosomes

Answer 8

A. Plasmid

Question 9

True or False: initiation of translation requires a start signal?

Answer 9

True - it is the start codon

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of transcription?

A. The minis DNA strand is the template
B. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA
C. A promoter region is present on the DNA to initiate transcription
D. The mRNA is identical to the plus DNA strand except Uracil replaces Thyamine

Answer 10

B. DNA adds polymerase to the growing mRNA

Question 11

True or False: insertion of one or more bases in a DNA coding region can cause a frame shift mutation?

Answer 11

True - In a coding region an insertion or deletion would shift the reading frame

Question 12

True or False: DNA replication is semi-conservative

Answer 12

True - each new molecule has the original strand and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides

Question 13

What amino acid sequence would the DNA sequence TAAAGT code for?

A. AUUUCA
B. ATTTCA
C. ILE Ser
D. ACAUUA
E. Met Pro

Answer 13

C. ILE Ser

-Options A, B, and D are not amino acid sequences

Question 14

The genetic code is an inventory for which _____ specify(ies) ______.

A. 3 mRNA bases, amino acid
B. mRNA base, amino acid
C. Amino acids, proteins
D. 3 DNA bases, 3 mRNA bases

Answer 14

A. The genetic code is an inventory for which 3 mRNA bases specify amino acids.

Remember that genetic code is based on the codons of mRNA

Question 15

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

A. Translation
B. Elongation 
C. Initiation
D. Transcription 
E. Replication

Answer 15

D. Transcription

Question 16

Translation consists of which of the following?

A. The conversion of genetic info from the language of Nucleic acids to the language of proteins.
B. The conversion of genetic info from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides
C. The addition of nucleotides to DNA template
D. The conversion of genetic info from the language of proteins to the language of nucleic acids.

Answer 16

A. The conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins.

• B is transcription
• C occurs in both transcription & translation
• D does not occur in nature

Question 17

Which of the following bring amino acids to the ribosome?

A. Transfer RNAs
B. Messaged RNAs
C. Replicated DNAs
D. Enzymes

Answer 17

A. Transfer RNAs

Question 18

Where in the cell do mRNA and amino acids on tRNAs come together?

A. In the nucleotides region
B. At the ribosomes
C. On the chromosomes
D. On the plasmid

Answer 18

B. At the ribosomes

Question 19

What molecules are produced in translation?

A. Nucleotides
B. DNA
C. Ribosomes
D. RNA
E. Proteins

Answer 19

E. Proteins

Question 20

True or False: tRNA is not translated into protein?

Answer 20

True - it only brings amino acids to the ribosomes. mRNA is translated into proteins.

Question 21

Why do people want to genetically modify organisms?

A. To synthesize products such as insulin
B. To increase the organisms ability to repel insects or disease attacks
C. To correct genetic defects that lead to disease
D. To create more appealing fruits and vegetables
E. All of the above

Answer 21

E. All of the above