Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is a Genome?

A

Complete set of genetic information

Human: 46 chromosomes
Bacteria: extra chromosomal DNA & nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

Specific selection of nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Copies genetic material to create new DNA strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 main characteristics of DNA Replication:

A
  1. Bidirectional (creates 2 replication forks that meet at terminating site)
  2. Semiconservative- new DNA contains one original & one new strand
  3. Origin of Replication- where it begins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Gene Expression?

A

Making proteins through the processes of transcription & translation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleotide strands are ______ & _______?

A

Complementary & antiparallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of mRNA:

A

-“messenger”

Acts as a chemical “blueprint” for a protein product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of tRNA:

A
  • “transfer”
  • recognizes specific codon & transfers the corresponding amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
  • contains the ANTICODON
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of rRNA:

A
  • “ribosomal”
  • central unit of ribosome
  • provides mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What controls the level/speed of protein synthesis?

A

Cells

-rapid degeneration of mRNA leads to generation of more proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Replisome?

A
  • enzymes & proteins that synthesize DNA

- “assembly line”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is DNA gyrase?

A

An enzyme that temporarily breaks the strands of DNA, relieving tension from unwinding strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is DNA ligase?

A

An enzyme that joins two DNA fragments by forming a covalent bond between the sugar/phosphate of adjacent nucleotides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA Polymerase:

A

Enzymes that synthesizes DNA by using one strand as a template to make a complimentary strand by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what direction does DNA Polymerase synthesize in?

A

3’ to 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RNA Polymerase:

A

Enzymes that synthesize RNA strands based on the DNA template by assembling individual nucleotides

16
Q

What direction does RNA Polymerase synthesize?

A

5’ to 3’

17
Q

What is the difference between 5’ and 3’?

A

Five prime- has a phosphate group attached to itself

Three prime- has a hydroxyl group attached to itself

18
Q

What is a helicase?

A

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork

19
Q

What is a Primer?

A

Fragment of nucleic acid to which DNA polymerase can add nucleotides

20
Q

What is an Operon?

A

A bacterial transcript (RNA) that contains information for more than one gene.

21
Q

True or False: DNA Polymerase and RNA Polymerase both require a primer.

A

False. Only DNA Polymerase requires a primer to synthesize DNA

22
Q

DNA template is the ______ strand?

A

(-) minus strand

23
Q

Compliment is _____ strand?

A

(+) positive strand.

24
Q

RNA has the same nucleotide sequence as the _______ DNA strand.

A

Positive (+).

DNA(+) : 5’ GCTGATGAT 3’
DNA (-) : 3’ CGACTACTA 5’

RNA : 5’ GCUGAUGAU 3’

25
Q

What is a Promotor?

A

Nucleotide sequence to which RNA Polymerase bonds to initiate transcription

26
Q

What is the Sigma Factor?

A

Component of RNA Polymerase that recognizes the promoter region.

27
Q

What is a terminator?

A

Nucleotide sequence at which RNA synthase stops & RNA Polymerase falls off the template

28
Q

What is a Codon?

A

Three nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds.

29
Q

Why is a genetic code redundant or degenerate?

A

Because a single amino acid may be coded for more than one codon.

Ex. AUU & AUC both point to Isoleucine

30
Q

How many reading frames are there for codons?

A

3

Depend on start of coding region

31
Q

What is the purpose of a ribosome?

A

-to synthesize proteins

32
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur in prokaryotic cells?

A

Within the cutoplasm

33
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

RNA is produced in the cell’s nucleus, and then moved to the cytoplasm to preform protein synthesis.

Microbiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions