Chapter 6

Question 0

Catabolism

Answer 0

• Process that degrades compounds to release energy

- break down molecules to form ATP

Question 1

Metabolism invokes what 2 fundamental tasks?

Answer 1

1. Synthesize new parts (cell wall, membranes, ect)

2. Harvest energy to power reactions

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

• assemble subunits of macromolecules
• used ATP to drive the actions

Ex. Taking amino acids to make proteins

Question 3

Photosynthetic organisms

Answer 3

-use energy from sunlight to synthesize compounds using CO2

Question 4

Metabolic Pathways

Answer 4

Series of chemical reactions that convert the starting compound into a product

Ex. Glucose —> pyruvate

Question 5

What is the job of an enzyme in metabolic pathways?

Answer 5

-they lower the activation energy which increases the rate of the reaction

Question 6

How does an enzyme work as a biological catalyst?

Answer 6

1. Substrate comes into contact with the active site on an enzyme
2. Enzyme-Substrate complex is formed
3. Product is released & enzyme dissociates until it can be used again

Question 7

Cofactors

Answer 7

-assist enzymes

Ex. Magnesium, zinc, copper ect

Question 8

Coenzymes

Answer 8

-organic cofactors

Ex. Vitamins, NAD+

Question 9

What environmental factors influence enzymes?

Answer 9

• temperature (higher temp denatures proteins)
• pH (neutral:7-8)
• low salt is preferred

Question 10

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 10

• enzyme activity is controlled by binding to allosteric site (any site other than active site)
• distorts enzyme’s shape–> prevents or enhances binding

Question 11

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 11

• binds at the active site

- changes shape of active site

Question 12

Non-competitive Inhibitor

Answer 12

-binds to a site other than the active site

Question 13

Are bacteria able to store ATP?

Answer 13

No! They require a continuous supply

Question 14

Can ATP be used to lower activation energy?

Answer 14

Yes!

Question 15

When ATP is hydrolyzed it becomes?

Answer 15

ADP + inorganic phosphate

Question 16

What is the purpose of an inorganic phosphate?

Answer 16

To attach to something and energize it

Question 17

How do you get energy out of a molecule?

Answer 17

By breaking the bonds

Question 18

Electron donor

Answer 18

Energy source

Question 19

Electron acceptor

Answer 19

• last place the electrons end up
• must be more electronegative than the donor
• hold/store the e-

Ex. Pyruvate

Question 20

Does the electron acceptor have to be an organic molecule?

Answer 20

No, can be inorganic

Question 21

What must always be the electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

A substance that loses electrons is _____?

Answer 22

Oxidized

Question 23

A substance that gains electrons is ______?

Answer 23

Reduced

Question 24

If something has electrons that it can donate, it is a ________.

Answer 24

Reducing agent

Question 25

Role of an electron carrier

Answer 25

-transfer electrons to molecules & raise energy level of recipient molecule

Question 26

Precursor metabolites

Answer 26

-instead of just using them to create energy, we could use them to make something else

Ex. Pyruvate

Question 27

Do we always end up with 2 pyruvate in glycolysis?

Answer 27

No, things can be taken out to form something else

Question 28

Is E.Coli fastidious or non-fastidious?

Answer 28

Non-fastidious because it doesn’t need growth factor.

Question 29

Oxidization definition

Answer 29

Removal of hydrogen from a molecule

Question 30

A hydrogen atom consists of?

Answer 30

Proton & electron

Question 31

How does cyanide kill you?

Answer 31

• Cyanide prevents oxygen from binding to the final carrier in the electron transport chain.
• individuals die from lack of oxygen