Chapter 1

Question 0

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 0

Viewed “animalcules” (microbes) with a microscope

Question 1

Microbes

Answer 1

Entities too small to be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

Empirical approach

Answer 2

Evidence based approach

Ex) broth boiled w/out contact with air—> no growth
Broth exposed to air—> growth

Question 3

Spore

Answer 3

Not killed by boiling

Question 4

Biotechnology

Answer 4

Use of microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems

Question 5

Genetic engineering

Answer 5

• Introduction of genes into another organism

- Ex. Disease resistant plants (crops) & medicines

Question 6

Emerging disease

Answer 6

Most newly recognized

Ex.
Swine flu
Lunes disease
West Nile

Question 7

Re-emerging disease

Answer 7

Ex. 
Measles
Mumps
Whooping cough
Ebola

Question 8

Normal microbiota (normal flora): 
Define & name functions

Answer 8

Bacteria that resides on body surfaces & tubes open to the outside.

Function:

• Fight off pathogens by competing for nutrients
• aid in digestion

Question 9

Rules of Nomenclature:

Answer 9

Genus- capitalized
Specific Species name- not capitalized
Both always italicized/underlined

Ex. Escherichia coli

Question 10

What are the 3 living groups of microorganisms?

Answer 10

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Question 11

Bacteria

Answer 11

• no true nucleus
• nucleic acid condensed in area called the nucleoid.
• no organelles
• unicellular

Question 12

Archaea

Answer 12

• no true nucleus
• no organelles
• ancient bacteria
• exist in extreme environments
• unicellular

Question 13

Eukarya

Answer 13

• true nucleus (membrane bound)
• organelles
• complex cell (unicellular/multicellular)

Question 14

Which living microorganisms are considered prokaryotes? Eukaryotes?

Answer 14

Bacteria & Archaea- prokaryotes

Eukarya- eukaryote

Question 15

Eukaryotes

Answer 15

• can be multicellular

- true membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 16

Prokaryote

Answer 16

• unicellular

- no true nucleus/organelles

Question 17

Protozoa

Answer 17

Is an Eukaryote, meaning…
-contains true nucleus & organelles
But…..
-it is considered unicellular

Ex. Ameba

Question 18

Fungi

Answer 18

Is a Eukaryote, meaning:

• true nucleus & organelle
• unicellular or multicellular

Question 19

What are the 3 non-living microbes?

Why are they non-living?

Answer 19

1. Viruses
2. Viroids
3. Prions

They require a host cell to get nutrients and reproduce

Question 20

Viruses

Answer 20

• nucleic acid w/ protein coat
• many shapes
• infect living cells (hosts) to multiply
• obligate intercellular parasite
• causes diseases
• acellular

Question 21

Viroids

Answer 21

• consist of only RNA
• require host cell for replication
• simpler than viruses
• obligate intracellular parasite
• no known diseases
• acellular

Question 22

Prions

Answer 22

• consist only of protein
• they are infectious proteins: misfolded versions of normal protein that interrupts cell function
• causes diseases
• acellular

Question 23

Obligate intracellular pathogen

Answer 23

Inactive outside of host cell

Question 24

Size from smallest to largest

Answer 24

Prion-->
Virus-->
Small Bactria-->
Most bacteria-->
Prokaryote-->
Eukaryotes (Protozoa)