Replication of DNA + Enzymes Flashcards
What occurred in the Griffith/MacLeod ( r/s strain) experiment? What was discovered from these results?
They used rats and injected them with the “r” strain (non-lethal) and the “s” strain (lethal). They separated the “S” strain into its components and what they discovered is the importance that DNA had on how the stain is able to spread. (Its a key component)
What two chemical components make up the sides of DNA?
Sugar and Phosphates
What are the “rungs” of the DNA shape?
Nitrogen Base Pairs
What type of bonds holds up DNA’s structure?
Hydrogen Bonds (STRONG)
What are the four letters of DNA and what do they pair with?
A, T, G, C ——– A==T & C==G
What is the 1st enzyme and what is its job?
Topoisomerase - - - Relaxes the upper part (supercoiled) DNA
What is the 2nd enzyme and what is its job?
Helicase - - - Slices hydrogen bonds, uncoils DNA
What is the 3rd enzyme and what is its job?
Primase - - - “Primes” (prepares) the site for the next enzyme
What is the 4th enzyme and what is its job?
DNA Polymerase - - - Moves the base pair onto the new strand
What is the 5th enzyme and what is its job?
Ligase - - - Glues the DNA back together, stabilizes phosphate + sugar
What is Semi-Conservative Replication?
The process in which how half of the DNA (from the original) is maintained in the sister chromatid.
What Phase of the cell cycle does this occur?
“S” or Synthesis Phase
