Repair and regeneration

Question 1

Does tissue return to normal when healed by regeneration?

Answer 1

Yes and specialised function maintained

Question 2

Does tissue return to normal when healed by repair?

Answer 2

No, fibrosis and scarring is left and specialised function is lost

Question 3

Name an example of a labile cell population

Answer 3

epithelia

Question 4

What are the characteristics of labile cell populations?

Answer 4

high normal turnover, active stem cell population, excellent regenerative capacity

Question 5

Give an example of a stable cell population

Answer 5

liver, renal tubules

Question 6

What are the characteristic of stable cell populations?

Answer 6

low physiological turnover, turnover can massively increase if needed, good regenerative capacity

Question 7

Give an example of a permanent cell population

Answer 7

neurons, muscle cells

Question 8

What are the characteristics of permanent cell populations?

Answer 8

no physiological turnover, long life cells, no regenerative capacity

Question 9

What are the characteristics of stem cells?

Answer 9

prolonged self-renewal, asymmetric replication, reservoirs present in many adult tissues

Question 10

Survival of stem cells crucial for what?

Answer 10

regeneration

Question 11

Give an example of how stem cells may be destroyed

Answer 11

full thickness burns, radiation

Question 12

Name 3 main components of granulation tissue

Answer 12

new capillary loops, phagocytic cells, (myo)fibroblasts

Question 13

As granulation tissue matures, does vascularity increase or decrease?

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

As granulation tissue matures, does collagen and wound strength increase or decrease?

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

As granulation tissue matures, does cellularity increase or decrease?

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

Name some local factors inhibiting healing (5)

Answer 16

infection, haematoma, blood supply, foreign bodies, mechanical stress

Question 17

Name some systemic factors inhibiting healing (8)

Answer 17

age, drugs, anaemia, diabetes, malnutrition, catabolic states, vitamin C deficiency, trace metal deficiency

Question 18

Describe healing by first intention

Answer 18

clean, uninfected surgical wound; good haemostasis; edges apposed (eg with sutures or staples)

Question 19

Describe healing by second intention

Answer 19

wound edges not apposed - extensive loss of tissue, large haematoma, infection

Question 20

In bone fracture healing, is the haematoma organised or disorganised?

Answer 20

organised

Question 21

In fracture healing, woven bone is lain down by what?

Answer 21

osteoblasts

Question 22

In the brain, what occurs in the place of scarring?

Answer 22

gliosis