Acute inflammation Flashcards
What are the two main causes of acute inflammation?
tissue death and infection
What are the three main purposes of acute inflammation?
clear away dead tissues, locally protect from infection and allow access of immune system components
What are the four clinical features of acute inflammation?
CALOR (heat), RUBOR (redness), DOLOR (pain), TUMOR (swelling)
Define serous inflammation
an exudative inflammation in which the exudate is predominantly fluid (from the blood)
Define fibrinous inflammation
an exudative inflammation in which there is a disproportionately large amount of fibrin
Define purulent inflammation
An exudative inflammation where enzymes produced by white blood cells cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, resulting in the formation of pus
What 3 reaction do you get in acute inflammation?
vascular, exudative, cellular
Describe the vascualr reaction of acute inflammation
microvascular dilation leads to an inital increase of flow followed by a decrease in flow.
Acute inflammatory exudate is rich in which proteins? (2)
immunoglobulins and fibrinogen
Where do neutrophils accumulate in acute inflammation?
in the extracellular space
What are the commonest white cell in blood?
neutrophils
What is directional chemotaxis?
movement in response to the influence of chemical stimulation in a specific direction
What is the lifespan of a neutrophil?
a matter of hours
Do mediators of acute inflammation have a long or short half-life?
Short
Name the plasma derives mediators of acute inflammation (4)
kinin system, clotting pathway, thrombolytic pathway, complement pathway
How are cell derived mediators of acute inflammation stored?
Histamine
Name the cell derived mediators of acute inflammation (6)
prostoglandins, leukotrienes, PAF, cytokines, NO, chemokines
How can acute inflammatio be assessed in a lab?
full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, acute phase protiens (e.g. C-reactive protein)
What SIRS?
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome: an inflammatory response affecting the whole body
What is acute respiratory distress syndrome?
ARDS develops if the lungs become severely inflamed as a result of an infection or injury. This causes fluid from nearby blood vessels to leak into alveoli, making breathing increasingly difficult.
What is chronic granulomatous disease?
certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds
What is hereditary angio-oedema?
Angio-oedema is non-pitting, subdermal oedema mainly seen around easily distensible structures
What is amyloidosis?
deposition of amyloid in the body
