Chronic inflammation

Question 1

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 1

remove cause of injury, remove necrosis, initiate repair

Question 2

Acute vs. Chronic: fast or slow onset?

Answer 2

Acute - fast

Chronic - slow

Question 3

Acute vs. Chronic: what are the main cells involved?

Answer 3

Acute - neutrophils

Chronic - macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 4

Name 2 infections that can be primary causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 4

TB and leprosy

Question 5

Name 5 primary causes of chronic inflammation

Answer 5

some infections, primary granulomatous diseases, endogenous material, exogenous material, some autoimmune diseases

Question 6

What are the morphological features of chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

infiltration of mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocyte, plasma cells), tissue destruction, healing by fibrosis

Question 7

In crohns, are granulomas caseating or not?

Answer 7

non-caseating (caseating = necrosis with conversion of damaged tissue into a soft substance)

Question 8

What increases permeability of blood vessels to WBCs and proteins?

Answer 8

histamine (produced by mast cells)

Question 9

What is the difference between macrophages and monocytes?

Answer 9

monocytes are macrophages within blood vessels

Question 10

What is granulation tissue?

Answer 10

new connective tissue and blood vessels that form on the surface of a wound during healing - grows up from base of wound

Question 11

What cells deposit collagen in granulation tissue?

Answer 11

fibroblasts

Question 12

What is fibrosis?

Answer 12

formation of excess fibrous connective during repair of damaged tissue

Question 13

What is a fibroma?

Answer 13

When fibrosis arises from 1 cell line

Question 14

What induces the laying down of connective tissue in fibrosis?

Answer 14

macrophages

Question 15

Define a granuloma

Answer 15

aggregate of epithelioid histiocytes and other cells; lymphocytes and histiocytic giant cells

Question 16

When do histiocytic giant cells form?

Answer 16

When 2 or more maacrophages try to engulf the same particle

Question 17

When does granulomatous inflammation occur?

Answer 17

usually when stimuli are indigestible to macrophages

Question 18

Name a bacterial grnaulomatous disease

Answer 18

TB, leprosy

Question 19

Name a parasitic granulomatous disease

Answer 19

schistosomiasis

Question 20

Name a fungal granulomatous disease

Answer 20

cryptococcus

Question 21

Name a granulomatous disease caused by synthetic material

Answer 21

silicosis

Question 22

Clinical outcomes causing chronic inflammation

Answer 22

persistence of infeection, prolonged exposure to toxic agents, autoimmune disease