Growth, differentiation and morphogenesis Flashcards
what is the most significant difference between adaptations and cell injury?
adaptations are reversible
Which of the following cell types is most susceptible to hypoxia: fibroblasts, cerebral neurons, epithelial cells?
cerebral neurons (fibroblasts are the least susceptible)
Define hypertrophy?
increase in size of cells
What term is given to an increased number of cells?
hyperplasia
What happens in hypertrophy?
increase in size of existing cells and this gives an increased functional capacity
What subcellular response occurs with barbituates in hepatocytes?
smooth ER hypertrophy (increases metabolism of other drugs)
In which cell populations is hyperplasia possible in?
labile and stable cell populations
Define atrophy
reduction in size of organ or tissue due to decrease in cell size or number
Give an example of physiological atrophy?
embryogenesis
What are the 6 main causes of pathological atrophy?
- decreased workload
- loss of innervation
- diminished blood supply
- inadequate nutrition
- loss of endocrine stimulation
- pressure
What is involution?
physiological atrophy by apoptosis
What is agenesis?
failure of embryonic cell mass to form
What is aplasia?
failure of differentiation to organ-specific tissues
What is dysgensis?
failure of sturctural organisation of tissues into an organ
What is hypoplasia?
failure to grow to full size
