Renal + urology

Question 1

dark urine, dec urine output, hyperkal, inc CK

Answer 1

acute tubular necrosis

Question 2

FUND HIPS (frequency, urgency, nocturne, dysuria, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, poor stream, straining), smoothly enlarged prostate with palpable midline groove

Answer 2

BPH

Question 3

painless microscopic haematuria, FUND

Answer 3

Bladder C

Question 4

haematuria, proteinuria, N&V, kussmaul breathing, foamy urina, periphery oedema, sexual dysfunction, signs of anaemia/bone disease

Answer 4

CKD

Question 5

HTN, proteinuria, haematuria, anorexia and nausea, autoantibodies

Answer 5

glomerulonephritis

Question 6

soft painless scrotal mass that you can’t get above of, transilluminates

Answer 6

hydrocele

Question 7

proteinuria, hypoalbinaemia, periorbital oedema, shifting dullness

Answer 7

nephrotic syndro

Question 8

HTN, haematuria, oedema

Answer 8

nephritic syndro

Question 9

FUND HIPS, FLAWS, asymmetrical, hard nodular prostate

Answer 9

Prostate C

Question 10

very large HTN, episodes of sudden onset breathlessness, abdo bruits

Answer 10

renal a. stenosis

Question 11

haematuria, loin pain, abdo mass

Answer 11

renal c carcinoma

Question 12

painless hard testicular mass, swelling, backahe

Answer 12

testicular C

Question 13

sudden onset severe hemiscrotal pain, N&V, red/swollen scrotum, absent cremasteric reflex

Answer 13

testicular torsion

Question 14

severe loin to groin pain, N&V, slow, painful discharge

Answer 14

urinary tract calculi

Question 15

foul smelling urine, abdo/loin tenderness, fever

Answer 15

UTI

Question 16

painless scrotal mass - bag of worms

Answer 16

varicocele

Question 17

how would you manage an AKI

Answer 17

treat comp
bicarb vs metab acidosis
dextrose, insulin, salbutamol - vs kyperkal
O2, IV GTN - vs pulmo oedema`

Question 18

what are the 5 indications for urgent dialysis in AKI

Answer 18

Acidosis
electrolyte imbalance (hyperkal)
intoxication (lithium/alcohol)
oedema
Uraemia

Question 19

what’s the management of BPH

Answer 19

if acute urinary retention - catheterise
dec fluids in evening
Alpha-blocker (tamsulosin)
5 alpha reductase inhibitor (finasteride)
transurethral resection of prostate

Question 20

what is an occupation RF for bladder cancer

Answer 20

working with Dyes

Question 21

main causes fo epididymitis and orchitis

Answer 21

<35 - chlamydia, gonococcus

>35 - enterobacter, klebsiella

Question 22

causes of nephrotic syndro - kids vs adults

Answer 22

kids - 90% = minimal change disease

adults - membranous nephropathy

Question 23

what auto-antibodies would you find in goodpastures

Answer 23

anti GBM

Question 24

what is the most common type of UT calculi

Answer 24

65% = calcium oxalate
15% = calcium phosphate
10% = uric acid

Question 25

what’s the immaging of choice for UT calculi

Answer 25

non-contrast CT KUB

Question 26

what the most common cause of UTI

Answer 26

transurethral ascent of E-coli