Renal + urology Flashcards
dark urine, dec urine output, hyperkal, inc CK
acute tubular necrosis
FUND HIPS (frequency, urgency, nocturne, dysuria, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, poor stream, straining), smoothly enlarged prostate with palpable midline groove
BPH
painless microscopic haematuria, FUND
Bladder C
haematuria, proteinuria, N&V, kussmaul breathing, foamy urina, periphery oedema, sexual dysfunction, signs of anaemia/bone disease
CKD
HTN, proteinuria, haematuria, anorexia and nausea, autoantibodies
glomerulonephritis
soft painless scrotal mass that you can’t get above of, transilluminates
hydrocele
proteinuria, hypoalbinaemia, periorbital oedema, shifting dullness
nephrotic syndro
HTN, haematuria, oedema
nephritic syndro
FUND HIPS, FLAWS, asymmetrical, hard nodular prostate
Prostate C
very large HTN, episodes of sudden onset breathlessness, abdo bruits
renal a. stenosis
haematuria, loin pain, abdo mass
renal c carcinoma
painless hard testicular mass, swelling, backahe
testicular C
sudden onset severe hemiscrotal pain, N&V, red/swollen scrotum, absent cremasteric reflex
testicular torsion
severe loin to groin pain, N&V, slow, painful discharge
urinary tract calculi
foul smelling urine, abdo/loin tenderness, fever
UTI
painless scrotal mass - bag of worms
varicocele
how would you manage an AKI
treat comp
bicarb vs metab acidosis
dextrose, insulin, salbutamol - vs kyperkal
O2, IV GTN - vs pulmo oedema`
what are the 5 indications for urgent dialysis in AKI
Acidosis electrolyte imbalance (hyperkal) intoxication (lithium/alcohol) oedema Uraemia
what’s the management of BPH
if acute urinary retention - catheterise dec fluids in evening Alpha-blocker (tamsulosin) 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (finasteride) transurethral resection of prostate
what is an occupation RF for bladder cancer
working with Dyes
main causes fo epididymitis and orchitis
<35 - chlamydia, gonococcus
>35 - enterobacter, klebsiella
causes of nephrotic syndro - kids vs adults
kids - 90% = minimal change disease
adults - membranous nephropathy
what auto-antibodies would you find in goodpastures
anti GBM
what is the most common type of UT calculi
65% = calcium oxalate 15% = calcium phosphate 10% = uric acid
what’s the immaging of choice for UT calculi
non-contrast CT KUB
what the most common cause of UTI
transurethral ascent of E-coli
