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Y3 symptoms > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

rings/clothes no longer fit, inc sweating, coarse facial feat, headaches, carpel tunnel, sleep apnea

A

acromegaly

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2
Q

inc pigmentation, postural HTN, loss of body hair, fatigue, wight loss, recent TB inf,

A

Adrenal insuf

addisons

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3
Q

gradual onset, painful morning stiffness, ? mark posture

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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4
Q

convulsions, arythmies, tetany, paraesthesia, trousseau, chvostek

A

hypocal

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5
Q

renal stones, bone pain, polyuria, abdo pain, depression, anxiety

A

hypercal

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6
Q

paroxysmal flushing, diarrhoea, cramping, abdo pain, wheeze, sweating,
urine - inc 5HIAA

A

carcinoid syndrome

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7
Q

centripetal obesity, fat pad on back, ankle oedema, purple striae

A

cushings syndro

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8
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, hyponat (lethargy, irritability, confusion)

A

DI

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9
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, tiredness

A

DM

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10
Q

N&V, kussmaul breathing, abdo pain, sweet breath

A

DKA

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11
Q

acute mono arthritis esp in 1 MTP,

joint aspirate = turbid/yelloww/ dec viscosity and inc WCC

A

gout

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12
Q

muscle weakness, VF, ECG (absent p, wide QRS, tented T)

A

hyperkal

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13
Q

muscle weakness and spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, polyuria/polydipsia

A

hypokal

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14
Q

lethargy, irritability, thirst, signs of dehydration, confusion, fits, coma

A

hypernat

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15
Q

postural HTN, dry mucous memb, tachycardia,

RF - vom, diuretics,periph oedema

A

hypovol hyponat

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16
Q

pehiph oedema, inc JVP

Hx of HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndro

A

hypervol hyponat

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17
Q

galactorrhea, amenorrhoea, infertility, dec libido

A

hyperprolactinaemia

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18
Q

heat intolerance, palp, tachycardia, weight loss, diarrhoea, mentrual irreg, tremor

A

hyperthy

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19
Q

cold intolerance, bradycardia, lethargy, weight gain, constipation, dry skin

A

hypothy

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20
Q 
joint pain (worse at end of day), joint stiffness in morning, joint crepitus
esp in weight bearing/heavily used joints
A

osteoarthritis

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21
Q

fractures, bone pain, proximal myopathy, fatigue, hypocal

A

osteomalacia

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22
Q

inc fractures, back pain, thoracic kyphosis

RF - post menopause, steroids, cushings,SLE

A

osteoporosis

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23
Q

bone pain (esp femur, pelvis and skull), sensorineural hearing loss, bone bossing, warm skin over painful area

A

Pagets

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24
Q

paroxysmal attacks of palp, headaches, episodic sweating

inc catecholamines in urine

A

phaecromocytoma

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25
Q

hirsutism, acne, oligo/amenorrhoea, weight gain

A

POS

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26
Q

HTN, symptoms of hypokal (muscle weakness, cramps, polyuria, nocturia)

A

hyperaldosteronism

conns

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27
Q

Reiter syndro - can’t see (conjunctivitis), can’t pee (urethritis), can’t climb a tree (arthritis)

2 weeks after inf (chlamydia, campylobacter, gonorrhoea, shigella)

A

reactive arthritis

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28
Q

morning joint pain and joint stiffness, joint deformities, nodules, lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, AoCD

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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29
Q

severe pain/swelling and dec range of movement in one joint (normally knee), fever, joint aspirate shows >90% neutrophils

A

septic arthritis

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30
Q

dec serum Na, inc urine osmo, inc urine Na

A

SIADH

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31
Q

inv for acromegaly

A

serum IGF-1
OGTT - failure to suppress GH after 75mg glucose load
Brain MRI to visualise tumour

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32
Q

Management for acromegaly

A 
transphenoidal hypophysectomy
somatostatin analogue (octreotide)
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33
Q

hormones def in addisons

A

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

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34
Q

Inv for addisons

A

9am cortisol <100nmol

short synACTHen test - serum cortisol <550 @30mins

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35
Q

management for addisonan crisis

A

rapid IV fluids, dextrose, hydrocortisone, treat cause

36
Q

management for chronic adrenal insuff

A

replace;
Glucocorticoids - hydrocortisone - inc dose in times of stress
mineralocorticoids - fludrocortisone

37
Q

inv /diagnosis of amyloidosis

A

green bifringence under polarised light with congo red stain

38
Q

where does ankylosing spondylitis mainly affect

A

spine + sacroiliac joints

39
Q

where are the most common sites for carcinoid tumours

A

appendix/rectum

40
Q

urine findings in carcinoid syndrome

A

inc 5HIAA

41
Q

what is cushings disease

A

ACTH sec pit adenoma

42
Q

most common exogenous cause of cushings syndrome

A

steroids

43
Q

management for cushings syndro

A

metyrapone/ketoconazole - inhib cortisol synth

transphenoidal hypophysectomy

44
Q

Inv for cushings

A

24 hr urinary free cortisol (diagnostic if morning cortisol >50nanomol)
low dose dexamethasone suppression - cushings -> cortisol remains high
plasma acth

45
Q

management for CDI

A

intranasal desmopressin

46
Q

management for NDI

A

thiazide diuretics or NSAIDs

47
Q

genetic RF for DM

A

HLA DR3/4

48
Q

inv for DM

A

fasting blood glucose >7

random blood glucose >11.1

49
Q

xray findings in gout

A

rat bite erosions

50
Q

ecg changes in hyperkal

A

absent p waves, wide QRS, tented T

51
Q

management for hypokal

A

correct Mg
if k = 3-3.5 - oral potassium chloride and check in 48hr
if k <3 - iv potassium chloride

52
Q

ECG findings in hypokal

A

prolonged QT interval, U wave, A/V arrhythmias

53
Q

management for hypernat

A

replace water

54
Q

management for severe hyponat and risks

A

giver hypertonic saline

change in [Na] must not exceed 10mmol/24hr or risk of central pontine myelinosis

55
Q

management for hyperprolactinaemia

A

DA agonist - bromocriptine/cabergoline

surgery

56
Q

what is thyroiditis

A

inc release of stored thyroid hormones

57
Q

hyperthyroidism inv

A

dec TSH, inc T3/T4

58
Q

exophalmos, pretibial myxoedema, everything sped up

A

graves

59
Q

management for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

25-200mg daily

60
Q

where are tumours commonly found in MEN1

A

parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia
pancreatic insulinoma/gastroma
pituitary - prolactinoma, acromegaly, adrenal/carcinoid tumour

61
Q

common presentations of MEN2

A

100% - medullary thyroid cancer
50% - phaeocromocytoma
parathyroid hyperplasia

62
Q

bloods in vit D def osteomalacia

A

dec Ca, dec PO4, inc PTH, dec vit D, inc ALP

63
Q

bloods in CKD osteomalacia

A

dec Ca, inc PO4, inc PTH, inc vit D, inc ALP

64
Q

management for osteomalacia

A

IV Ca gluconate
Vit D def -ergocalciferol
CKD -alfacalcidol

65
Q

Xray findings in osteomalacia

A

looser frac

66
Q

most common infectious cause of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

67
Q

what bones are normally affected in osteomyelitis

A 
kids = long bones
adults = vertebrae
68
Q

what scores do you get from a dexa scan

A

T score -pt comparison compared to young/healthy
Z score - age matched

-1->-2.5 = osteopenia

69
Q

inv for pagets

A

bloods - inc ALP
Serum CTX - marker for bine resorption
serum PINP - maker for bone formation
Tec99 bone scan - hot spots =lytic areas

70
Q

from where do phaecromocytomas arise

A

catecholamine prod chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

-> excess adrenaline

71
Q

treamtment for phaeocromocytoma

A

complete alpha and beta blockade

phenoxylbenzamine - non rev alpha antag
propanolol = non selective beta block

72
Q

inv for POS

A

bloods - inc LH/testosterone/LH:FSH, decsex hormone binding globulin

73
Q

what are the results of excess aldosterone

A

inc Na/H2O retention -> HTN

inc K loss -> hypoka

74
Q

main causes for primary hyperaldosteronism and precedence

A 
conns syndro (70%) - adrenal adenoma, young female
bilat adrenal cortex hyperplasia - older guy
75
Q

how do you differentiate the causes of pri hyperaldoseronism

A

postural test - measure aldos at 8am lying down then 4 hours after
Conns- aldos sec decreases
BACH - aldos sec inc

76
Q

management for conns

A

adrenalectomy

77
Q

management for bilat adrenal hyperplasia

A

aldosterone inhib - spironolactone

78
Q

management for pri hyperpara

A

Iv fluids + biphos

transphenoidal hypophysectomy

79
Q

calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints

A

pseudogout

80
Q

xray findings in pseudogout

A

white lines of chondrocalcinosis

81
Q

RF for rheumatoid

A

HLADR4

smoking

82
Q

xray findings in rheumatoid artheritis

A

uniform joint space narrowing, joint erosions at margins, osteopenia

83
Q

causes of septic artheritis

A

<30 - nesseria gonorrhoea

>30 - staph aureus

84
Q

management for SIADH

A

treat underlying cause, fluid restriction

if ineffective demeclocycline or vasopressin R antag (tolvaptan)

85
Q

strong association with thyroid cancer

A

MEN2

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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