Haem Flashcards
normocytic normochromic anemia, hypercelllular bone marrow aspirate with >20% lymphoblansts
more common in kids
ALL
symptoms of bone marrow failure and tissue infiltration
microcytic anaemia. neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
perish blood smear - auer rods + myeloblasts
are common in adults
AML
hypermetabolic, splenomegaly, inc sweating, inc basophils/eosinophils on blood smear,
CML
blood film - smudge/smear cells
hepatosplenomeg, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure
CLL
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, diarrhoea
young kids
HUS (D+)
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, fever, fluctuating CNS signs
adult females
TTP
haemarthrosis (swollen + painful joints), bleeding into muscles, haematuria, fe def anaemia, inc APTT
haemophilia
bleeding with the absence of systemic symptoms and absence of meds that cause thrombocytopenia
ITP
non tender lymphadenopathy that becomes painful after drinking alcohol, fever, night sweats, weight loss
hodgkins lymphoma
non-tender lymphadenopathy, night sweats, fever, weight loss, skin rash, abdo mass, signs of bone marrow failure
non-hodgkins lymphoma
dec serum iron, dec serum ferritin, inc transferrin, dec transferrin sat
fe def anaemia
dec serum iron, inc ferritin, dec transferrin
thallasaemia
inc calcium, renal failure, anaemia, bone disease, hypergammaglobinaemia, bone marrow aspirate (excess plasma cells)
multiple myeloma
chronic cytopenia (symptoms of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and abnormal cell maturation (-> secondary AML), no splenomeg
Myelodysplasia
progressive bone marrow fibrosis with extra medullary haematopoiesis and splenomeg
blood film - RBC/WBC precursor in peripheral blood, darocytes (tear drop cells)
myelofibrosis
macrocytic anaemia, palpitations, headache ,neurological symptoms (paraesthesia, numbness, visual disturbances, cognitive changes, periph neuropathy)
vit B12 def
easy bruising, epistaxis, heavy menstrual bleed, blood in stool/urine,
inc bleeding time, inc APTT, dec F8
VWD
RF for ALL
downs syndrome, radiation, viruses
ALL most common in
kids (2-5)
Bone marrow aspirate in ALL
hyper cellular w/ >20% lymphoblasts
chr abn for AML
t(15;17)
chr abn for CML
t(9;22)
BCR-ABL fusion
management for CML
TKI + chemo
CML blood smear
inc baso/eosinophils
AML periph blood smear
blasts on film + auer rods
blood film CLL
smudge/smear cells
precedence for CLL
inc with age
treatment for DIC
treat underlying disorder
platelets + coag factors = FFP
fibrinogen = cryoprecipitate
test for AI haemolytic anaemia
direct coombs test
infectious causes of HUS
E. coli and shigella
D+ HUS most common in
young kids
TTP most common in
adult women
management for ITP
IVIg + corticosteroid + platelet transfusion
reed sternberg cells
hodgkins lymphoma
staging for lymphomas
ann-arbor
test for pernicious anaemia
schilling test
treatment for pernicious anemia
IM hydroxycobalamin for life
comp of pernicious anemia
inc risk gastric cancer
comp of folate def anaemia
spina bifida
4 causes of microcytic anaemia
FAST
fe def, AoCD, siberoblastic, thalassaemia,
management for Fe def anaemia
ferous sulphate + transfusion
serum/urine electrophoresis for multiple myeloma
hypergammaglobinaemia
bone marrow in multiple myeloma
10% cutoff for excess plasma cells
causes of normocytic anaemia
AFH AFH
AoCD/aplastic, Failure of BM, Haemolytic, Acute blood loss, renal F, Hypothyroidism
inherited aplastic anaemia
falconis
viral cause of aplastic anaemia
parvovirus 19
point mutation in sickle cell disease
codon 6 of B globin gene
glut (polar + sol) -> val (np and ns)
management for SCD
inc risk of inf (due to autosplenectomy) - pencillin + vaccinations
folic acid
hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide - inc HbF
RC transfusion
advice
surgical (BM transplant + joint replacement)
where is B12 absorbed
terminal ileum, req IF
where is IF produced
gastric parietal cells
3 types of VWD
T1 - VWF def
T2 - abn VWF
T3 - no VWF
what is the function of VWF
helps platelets bind to collagen and prev breakdown of F8
what organisms cause malaria
protozoan plasmodium
bite by female anopheles mosq
inv for malaria
blood film + giemsa stain
blood film of SCD
sickle/boat/target cells + howell-jolly bodies
management for acute painful crisis
O2, Iv fluids, analgesia, antibiotics, keep warm ,RC transfusion, exchange transfusion
x-ray in SCD
hip xray -> avascular necrosis
pain from avascular necrosis
chronic shoulder/hip pain
main cause of relative polycythaemia
dehydration - burns + diruetics
