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Y3 symptoms > Haem > Flashcards

Haem Flashcards

1
Q

normocytic normochromic anemia, hypercelllular bone marrow aspirate with >20% lymphoblansts
more common in kids

A

ALL

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2
Q

symptoms of bone marrow failure and tissue infiltration
microcytic anaemia. neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
perish blood smear - auer rods + myeloblasts
are common in adults

A

AML

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3
Q

hypermetabolic, splenomegaly, inc sweating, inc basophils/eosinophils on blood smear,

A

CML

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4
Q

blood film - smudge/smear cells

hepatosplenomeg, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure

A

CLL

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5
Q

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, diarrhoea
young kids

A

HUS (D+)

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6
Q

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, fever, fluctuating CNS signs
adult females

A

TTP

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7
Q

haemarthrosis (swollen + painful joints), bleeding into muscles, haematuria, fe def anaemia, inc APTT

A

haemophilia

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8
Q

bleeding with the absence of systemic symptoms and absence of meds that cause thrombocytopenia

A

ITP

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9
Q

non tender lymphadenopathy that becomes painful after drinking alcohol, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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10
Q

non-tender lymphadenopathy, night sweats, fever, weight loss, skin rash, abdo mass, signs of bone marrow failure

A

non-hodgkins lymphoma

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11
Q

dec serum iron, dec serum ferritin, inc transferrin, dec transferrin sat

A

fe def anaemia

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12
Q

dec serum iron, inc ferritin, dec transferrin

A

thallasaemia

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13
Q

inc calcium, renal failure, anaemia, bone disease, hypergammaglobinaemia, bone marrow aspirate (excess plasma cells)

A

multiple myeloma

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14
Q

chronic cytopenia (symptoms of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and abnormal cell maturation (-> secondary AML), no splenomeg

A

Myelodysplasia

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15
Q

progressive bone marrow fibrosis with extra medullary haematopoiesis and splenomeg
blood film - RBC/WBC precursor in peripheral blood, darocytes (tear drop cells)

A

myelofibrosis

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16
Q

macrocytic anaemia, palpitations, headache ,neurological symptoms (paraesthesia, numbness, visual disturbances, cognitive changes, periph neuropathy)

A

vit B12 def

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17
Q

easy bruising, epistaxis, heavy menstrual bleed, blood in stool/urine,
inc bleeding time, inc APTT, dec F8

A

VWD

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18
Q

RF for ALL

A

downs syndrome, radiation, viruses

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19
Q

ALL most common in

A

kids (2-5)

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20
Q

Bone marrow aspirate in ALL

A

hyper cellular w/ >20% lymphoblasts

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21
Q

chr abn for AML

A

t(15;17)

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22
Q

chr abn for CML

A

t(9;22)

BCR-ABL fusion

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23
Q

management for CML

A

TKI + chemo

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24
Q

CML blood smear

A

inc baso/eosinophils

25
Q

AML periph blood smear

A

blasts on film + auer rods

26
Q

blood film CLL

A

smudge/smear cells

27
Q

precedence for CLL

A

inc with age

28
Q

treatment for DIC

A

treat underlying disorder
platelets + coag factors = FFP
fibrinogen = cryoprecipitate

29
Q

test for AI haemolytic anaemia

A

direct coombs test

30
Q

infectious causes of HUS

A

E. coli and shigella

31
Q

D+ HUS most common in

A

young kids

32
Q

TTP most common in

A

adult women

33
Q

management for ITP

A

IVIg + corticosteroid + platelet transfusion

34
Q

reed sternberg cells

A

hodgkins lymphoma

35
Q

staging for lymphomas

A

ann-arbor

36
Q

test for pernicious anaemia

A

schilling test

37
Q

treatment for pernicious anemia

A

IM hydroxycobalamin for life

38
Q

comp of pernicious anemia

A

inc risk gastric cancer

39
Q

comp of folate def anaemia

A

spina bifida

40
Q

4 causes of microcytic anaemia

A

FAST

fe def, AoCD, siberoblastic, thalassaemia,

41
Q

management for Fe def anaemia

A

ferous sulphate + transfusion

42
Q

serum/urine electrophoresis for multiple myeloma

A

hypergammaglobinaemia

43
Q

bone marrow in multiple myeloma

A

10% cutoff for excess plasma cells

44
Q

causes of normocytic anaemia

A

AFH AFH

AoCD/aplastic, Failure of BM, Haemolytic, Acute blood loss, renal F, Hypothyroidism

45
Q

inherited aplastic anaemia

A

falconis

46
Q

viral cause of aplastic anaemia

A

parvovirus 19

47
Q

point mutation in sickle cell disease

A

codon 6 of B globin gene

glut (polar + sol) -> val (np and ns)

48
Q

management for SCD

A

inc risk of inf (due to autosplenectomy) - pencillin + vaccinations
folic acid
hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide - inc HbF
RC transfusion
advice
surgical (BM transplant + joint replacement)

49
Q

where is B12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum, req IF

50
Q

where is IF produced

A

gastric parietal cells

51
Q

3 types of VWD

A

T1 - VWF def
T2 - abn VWF
T3 - no VWF

52
Q

what is the function of VWF

A

helps platelets bind to collagen and prev breakdown of F8

53
Q

what organisms cause malaria

A

protozoan plasmodium

bite by female anopheles mosq

54
Q

inv for malaria

A

blood film + giemsa stain

55
Q

blood film of SCD

A

sickle/boat/target cells + howell-jolly bodies

56
Q

management for acute painful crisis

A

O2, Iv fluids, analgesia, antibiotics, keep warm ,RC transfusion, exchange transfusion

57
Q

x-ray in SCD

A

hip xray -> avascular necrosis

58
Q

pain from avascular necrosis

A

chronic shoulder/hip pain

59
Q

main cause of relative polycythaemia

A

dehydration - burns + diruetics

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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