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Y3 symptoms > Abdo > Flashcards

Abdo Flashcards

1
Q

intermittent dysphagia of both solids and liquids

A

achalasia

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2
Q

RUQ pain, inflam, palpable mass, R shoulder pain, murphys signs

A

acute cholecyctitis

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3
Q

epig pain radiating to back, relieved by sitting forward, worse on movement, cullens + grey-turners

A

acute panc

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4
Q

RUQ pain, heamatemesis, melaena, dupuytren contracture, palmar erythema, spider naevi, gynocomastia

A

alco hep

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5
Q

tearing pain on defacation, blood on wiping

A

anal fissure

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6
Q

central abdo pain which later localises to RLQ, roving sign, dec bowel sounds, fever

A

appendicitis

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7
Q

fever, anorexia, hepatomeg, jaundice, circulating autoantibodies

A

AI hep

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8
Q

distention, jaundice, haematemisis, melaena, leukonychia, palmar erythema, asterisks, icterus, clubbing, loss of sexual hair, periph oedema

A

cirrhosis

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9
Q

diarrhoea, abdo discomfort, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, Fe def anaemia

A

coeliac

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10
Q

chronic diarrhoea, RLQ pain, blood in stools, fever, fatugue

A

crohns

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11
Q

colicky, worsting abdo pain, feel hot and cold, guarding, tenderness, western diet, obese, >50, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis

A

diverticular disease

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12
Q

sudden RUQ pain, constant, may radiate to shoulder

A

biliary colic

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13
Q

charcots triad - RUQ tenderness, fever, jaundice

A

cholangitis

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14
Q

palpable epig mass, virchows node, sister mary joseph node (above umbilicus)

A

gastric cancer

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15
Q

epigastric pain, N&V, no suspicious features of malig,fever, emesis

A

gastritis

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16
Q

painless rectal bleeding esp on wiping

A

haemorrhoids

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17
Q

sudden onset diffuse abdo pain, signs of shock ,

A

intestinal ischaemia

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18
Q

diffuse pain, constipation/obstipation, tinkling bowel sounds

A

intestinal obstruction

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19
Q

severe vomiting then blood streaked vomit, chest pain

A

mallory-wells tear

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20
Q

progressive dysphagia from solids to liquids, FLAWS, burning chest pain

A

oesophageal cancer

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21
Q

painless jaundice with palpable abdo mass, FLAWS

A

panc cancer

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22
Q

pain on eating, anorexia

A

gastric ulcer

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23
Q

pain relieved by eating, wake at night, obesity

A

duodenal ulcer

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24
Q

coffee ground vomit + melena, background of H.pylori/NSAID use

A

ruptured peptic ulcer

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25
Q

rectal bleeding, back pain (sacroilitis), red eyes (epscleritis), erythema nodosum, inc freq and severity of diarrhoea, erythema nodosum

A

Ulcerative collitis

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26
Q

fever, jaundice, raised AST/ALT,

A

viral hep

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27
Q

upturned U on abdo xray

A

sigmoid volvulus

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28
Q

abdo xray - absence of normal caecum in RIF

A

caecal volvulus

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29
Q

CLD (jaundice, easy bruising), tremor, early onset Parkinson’s, keyser fletcher rings

A

wilsons disease

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30
Q

achalasia inv

A

endoscopy, barium swallow, oesophageal manometry

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31
Q

achalasia management

A

balloon dilation

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32
Q

comp of achalasia

A

asp pneumonia, SC oesophageal carcinoma, GORD

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33
Q

what causes porcelain gallbladder

A

=thickened wall with air in

caused by ischaeia + inf with gas producing org

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34
Q

causes of acute panc

A

I GET SMASHED

idiopathic, gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, AI, scorpion bites, Hypercalcaemia, ERCP, drugs

35
Q

common comp of acute panc

A

panc psuedocysts = fullness in epic 2-3 weeks after

panc carcinoma

36
Q

CA19-9 tumour marker

A

panc carcinoma

37
Q

marker for panc insuff

A

faecal elastase

38
Q

Tx for panc insufficiency

A

oral enz rep

39
Q

comp of ERCP

A

perforation, asp pneumonia, haemorrhage, acute panc, ascending cholangitis

40
Q

what is the management for alcohol hep

A 
alco management - omazepan, diazepam
pabrinex (IV thiamine)
IV vit
correct electrolyte/glucose abn
oral lactulose (vs encephalopathy)
diuretics
steroid therapy
41
Q

Tx for AI hep

A

corticosteroids + immunosupp

42
Q

comp of corticosteroids

A

osteoporosis, DM, HTN, cateracts

43
Q

changes in barrets oesophagus

A

sq to columnar

44
Q

management of barrels O

A

PPI + radiofreq ablation/resection

45
Q

main complications of cirrhosis

A 
portal HTN (-> varices + haemorrhoids) 
hepatorenal syndro
46
Q

genetic RF for colorectal cancer

A

FAP, HNPCC

47
Q

left vs right side colorectal cancer

A

L - presents earlier w/ PR bleed, tenesmus, mass on DRE -> obs

R- presents later -> anaemia

48
Q

what can mimic crohns

A

TB/Yersinia

49
Q

inflam in CD

A

patchy inflam extending through all layers

, can affect anywhere in GIT but esp ileum/ascending colon

50
Q

management of CD

A

busonide, 5ASA, corticosteroids

51
Q

where are diverticulitis most common

A

95% = sigmoid

52
Q

FBC findings in diverticular disease

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytosis

53
Q

Imaging for gallstones

A

USS - 90% are cholesterol - radiopaque

54
Q

courvoiseirs law

A

painless jaundice w/ palpable gallbladder is not gallstones

55
Q

fatigue, bronze skin, diabetes, hepatomeg, arteritis, inc serum iron

A

haemochromatosis

56
Q

femoral hernia

A

below ing lig, below and lat to pubic tubercles, often strangulated

57
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

above ing lig, above and med to pubic tubercle

58
Q

Direct hernia,

A

through abdo wall, med to inf epic a.

59
Q

indirect hernia

A

through ing canal, lat to inf epig a.

60
Q

AFP tumour marker

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

61
Q

cause of pseudomembranous collitis

A

c dif

62
Q

bloating, fever, shock, colon dilation

A

toxic megacolon

63
Q

what is rigler’s sign

A

air on both sides of intestinal wall - pneumoperitoneum

64
Q

how to tell difference between large and small bowel on CXR

A

small = valve comitantes

65
Q

main causes of liver cysts

A

E. coli, klebsiella, strep milleri

66
Q

why would liver biopsy be contra ind

A

major comp = bleeding

contra if extensive ascites of INR >2.5

67
Q

management of oesophageal varices

A

ABCDE
terlipressin - dec portal HTN
endoscopy + band ligation

68
Q

NSAIDS and PUD

A

NSAIDS inhib COX1 -> dec prostaglandin synth and inc gastric damage so in risk PUD

69
Q

management of H. pylori + PUD

A

PPI + 2 antibiotics

70
Q

management of H. pylori neg PUD

A

PPI (-prazole) or H2 antag (-tidine)

71
Q

inflam in UC

A

continuous inflam of colonic mucosal layer extending proximally in a release/remitting course

72
Q

genetic RF associated with UC

A

HLA-B27

73
Q

stool findings in UC

A

neg cultures, inc calprotein

74
Q

management of UC

A

IV hydrocortisone
mesalazine (5ASA) - maintains remission and dec cancer risk
if unresponsive - ifliximab (TNF alpha suppressor)

75
Q

HBV vs HCV prognosis

A

HBV - most adults clear

HCV - most adults become chronic carriers

76
Q

HBV serology

A

HbsAg - active inf
HbeAg - infective
anti-HbS - immune
anti-Hbc - caught in past

77
Q

HEP A - transmission, RF

A

face-oral (contamination water + shellfish), poor hygiene

78
Q

Hep B transmission, RF

A

bodily fluids, health workers in africa, likely chronic in kids

79
Q

Hep c transmission, RF

A

blood products, injecting drugs, most adults become carriers

80
Q

Hep D transmission, RF

A

bodily fluids, co-inf with hep B

81
Q

Hep E transmission, RF

A

face-oral, immunocomp,

82
Q

volvulus asso with malig

A 
sigmoid = no asso
caecal = high asso with large bowl malig
83
Q

inv for wilsons

A

dec serum caereuloplasmin, inc urinary copper

84
Q

zollinger-ellison syndrome

A

neuroendocrine tumour in panc producing gastrin -> 90% get PUD
inc fasting serum gastrin

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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