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Y3 symptoms > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

unilateral facial weakness/drop, forehead not spared,

A

Bells palsy

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2
Q

recurrent severe headaches, unilat, esp around eyes, long pain free periods between sets

A

cluster headache

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3
Q

insidious amnesia, language impairment, poor day to day memory,

A

Alzheimers

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4
Q

Sudden onset dementia with stepwise derivation

A

vascular dementia

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5
Q

personality change, disinhibition, well preserved memory

A

temporal dementia

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6
Q

visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, asso with Parkinson’s

A

levy body dementia

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7
Q

seizure - motor convulsions, jacksonian march, todds paralysis

A

frontal lobe focal motor siezure

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8
Q

seizure with aura and halluciantions

A

temporal lobe focal

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9
Q

irritability then generalised muscle spasm then repetitive synchronous jerks, tongue biting

A

tonic clonic siezure

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10
Q

loss of consciousness with maintained posture

A

absence siezure

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11
Q

head trauma, lucid interval then increasingly severe headache and dec GCS

A

extradural haemorrhage

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12
Q

progressive, ascending symmetrical limb weakness and paraesthesia following recent inf

A

guillan barre syndrome

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13
Q

ptosis, meiosis, anhydrosis

A

horners

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14
Q

progressive chorea and dementia

clumsiness, involves movements, anxiety, strong FHx,

A

Huntingtons

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15
Q

severe headache, photophobia, neck + backache, kernigs sign

A

meningitis

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16
Q

severe episodic pulsatile headache that is associated with systemic disturbance and disrupts normal activities

A

migraine

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17
Q

weakness in skeletal muscles that worsens with repetitive use, facial weakness

A

myasthenia gravis

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18
Q

multiple cafe-au lait spots, learning difficulties, headaches, precious puberty

A

T1 neurofibromatosis

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19
Q

bradykinsia, rigidity, resting asymmetrical pill rolling tremor, postural instability, stooped gait, shuffling, depression and dementia

A

parkinsons

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20
Q

back pain, hyporeflexia, disturbance of bowel/bladder function, low BP, sensory loss

A

spinal cord compression

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21
Q

facial droop, arm weakness, speech difficulty, sudden onset

A

stroke

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22
Q

behavioural changes and centralat hemiparesis (leg>arm)

A

ACA stroke

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23
Q

contralat hemiparesis (arm/face> leg) hemisensory loss, aphasia

A

MCA stroke

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24
Q

contralat homonous hemianopia, visual agnosia, slurred speech,

A

PCA stroke

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25
Q

sudden onset worst headache ever

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

26
Q

trauma, ipsilat fixed, dilated puil, dec GCS, worsening headache

A

subdural haemorrhage

27
Q

new onset unilateral headache in pt >50, jaw claudation, scalp tenderness, shoulder pain

A

temporal arteritis

28
Q

unilateral stabbing/shooting facial pain lasting for a few seconds

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

29
Q

ataxia, confusion, ophlamoplegia, diplopia

A

wernickes encephalopathy

30
Q

ataxia, confubulation, amnesia, alert

A

korsakoff’s psychosis

31
Q

brisk reflexes, babinski sign, fasciculations, tongue wasting, stiffness and weakness

A

Motor neurone disease

32
Q

what’s the most important risk factor for stroke

A

HTN

33
Q

what often precedes bells palsy

A

upper RT inf

34
Q

management of bells palsy

A

protection of cornea (glasses/patch)

high dose corticosteroid if acute

35
Q

what is the aetiology of alzheimers

A

normal - a and y secretase -> normal degradation product
alz - y and b secretase -> amyloid B (resistant to deg) - accumulator and forms amyloid plaques -> interfere with com -> dementia

hypoerphosphorylated tau -> neurofibrillary tangles -> neuronal and synaptic loss

36
Q

Inv for alzheimers

A

CSF - inc tau and B amyloid

37
Q

focal epilepsy management

A

lamotrigine/carbamazepine

38
Q

generalised epilepsy management

A

sodium valproate

39
Q

treatment for status elipticus

A

1 - ABCDE and check glucose (correct if low)
2 - IV lorazepam/IV diazepam - repeat in 10 mins if doesn’t stop
3- if 2 doses don’t stop seizure - IV phenytoin

40
Q

common cause of status elitpicus

A

non compliance with anti-epileptic meds

41
Q

CT of extradural haemorrhage

A

lemon shape

42
Q

neonates - inc head circumference and downward facing eyes

A

obstructive hydrocephalus

43
Q

when would a lumbar puncture be contraindicated

A

inc ICP

44
Q

Dementia, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence

A

communicating hydrocephalus

45
Q

cause of huntingtons

A

CAG repeats

46
Q

huntingtons CT/MRI

A

symmetrical atrophy of striatum in brain

47
Q

where does meningitis cause inflam

A

pia + arachnoid mater

48
Q

management of meningitis

A

cephelosporin
IV dexamethasone
inform public health

49
Q

UMN signs

A

hyperreflexi, spastic weakness, extensor palmar response

50
Q

LMN signs

A

muscle wasting, hyporeflexia, flaccid weakness, fasciculations

51
Q

optic symptom of MS

A

optic neuritis - unilateral deterioration of visual acuity and colour perception, pain on eye movement

52
Q

Uhthoffs sign

A

MS - worsening of symptoms as body heats up

53
Q

Inv for myasthenia gravis

A

tension test - give short acting anti cholinesterase - rapid and transit improvement
ice pack on eye for 2 mins -> dec ptosis
nerve conduction study

54
Q

what cells does Parkinson’s affect

A

dopaminergic neurones of substantiated nigra

pt only symptomatic after 70% loss

55
Q

Inv for parkinsons

A

levodopa trial - timed walking and then again after administration of levodopa
bloods - serum caeruloplasmin to rule out wilsons
Brain CT and MRI

56
Q

management of parkinsons

A

levodopa

57
Q

LMN symptoms in single/few muscles and pain in dermatomal pattern

A

radiculopathy

58
Q

management for ischaemic stroke

A

if <3hrs since onset - IV alteplase then aspirin
if >3 - 300mg aspirin

stroke unit follow up

59
Q

secondary prevention of stroke

A

AF + - warfarin prophylaxis

AF- - aspirin for 2 weeks then lifelong clopidogrel

60
Q

treatment for temporal arterisis

A

high dose oral prednisolone

61
Q

triggers for trigeminal neuralgia

A

vibration, brushing teeth, skin contact, wind

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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