Renal/ Uro high yield Flashcards
Non-seminoma tumour marker
beta-hCG
testicular tumour most likely to mets
non-seminoma
electrolyte imbalance after TURP?
hyponatraemia
poor complication following TURP?
TURP syndrome
- confusion
- agitation
- headaches
- drowsiness
- hypertension
following prostate surgery
TURP syndrome
- treat with hypertonic saline
sclerotic lesion mets?
osteoblastic lesion - prostatic cancer
1st line treatment for minimal change?
prednisolone
2nd line tx for minimal change disease?
ciclosporin
good prognosis for IgA nephropathy?
macroscopic haematuria - early stage disease
electrolyte imbalance seen in CKD?
hypocalcaemia
hyperphosphataemia
(hyponatraemia)
- raised PTH
- low Ca
- low vit D
- raised phosphate
secondary hyperparathyroidism
blood film following HUS?
schistocytes - MAHA
HUS triad?
- MAHA schistocytes
- thrombocytopenia
- AKI
1st line bacterial prostatitis
ciprofloxacin 500mg BD
painless urine retention
following by nocturia
chronic retention picture
Lab findings for rhabdo?
- raised LDH
- rasied CK
- raised creatinine
- hypocalcaemia
recurrent UTIs followed by restrictive lung disease?
nitro for UTI prophylaxis
long term - Pulmonary fibrosis
surgical stone removal in pregnancy?
ureteroscopic
when should undescended testes be referred?
by 6 months
corrected at 6-18mnths
RTA type?
- metabolic acidosis
- hyperkalaemia
- background CKD
RTA 4
cant pull a retracted foreskin back over the glans?
paraphimosis
cannot retract foreskin over glans of penis?
phimosis
inflammed glans of penis
foreskin still retractable
balanitis
1st line ix for renal cancer?
renal USS
radiolucent stone on XR
fam hx
cystine stone
RTA type?
- hypochloraemic metabolic acidosis
- normal anion gap
RTA 1
causes of RTA 1?
- nephrocalcinosis/ recurrent stones
- rheumatoid
underlying cause of RTA 4?
hypoaldosteronism
first line for acute bacterial prostatitis?
ciprofloxacin
when are surgical interventions for stones indicated?
- stone > 10mm
- obstruction (hydronephrosis)
- infection (pyelonephritis)
1st line investigation for prostate cancer?
- multi MRI - LIKERT SCORE
- then biopsy - GLEASON
enteric epididymo-orchitis tx?
- ofloxacin
- levofloxacin
testicular tumour causes gynaecomastia
leydig cell
testicular tumour causing raised b-hCG?
seminoma
teratoma
tumour marker not raised in seminoma?
AFP
Type of LUT symptom?
- urgency
- frequency
- nocturia
- urge incontinence
STORAGE
Type of LUT symptom?
- hesitancy
- weak stream/
intermittency
- straining
- incomplete emptying
- terminal dribbling
VOIDING
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY / OAB
storage
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
UTI
STORAGE (UTI irritates bladder)
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Bladder stones
STORAGE
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Parkinson/stroke (neurological)
STORAGE
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Stress Incontinence
“STORAGE” (not really but easy way to think about it)
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
BPH
VOIDING
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
urethral stricture
VOIDING
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
prostate cancer
VOIDING
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Neurogenic bladder
VOIDING
type of LUT symptom is caused by this condition:
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
VOIDING - detrusor under activity
