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Neuro high yield Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia caused by lesion in superior temporal gyrus

A

Wernickes

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2
Q

Function of wernickes?

A

‘forms’ speech before ‘sending’ it

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3
Q
  • sentences that dont make sense
  • word salad
  • comprehension impaired
A

Wernkickes

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4
Q

receptive aphasia?

A

wernickes aphasia

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5
Q

lesion in inferior frontal gyrus

A

Broca’s aphasia

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6
Q
  • speech is non fluent
  • laboured
  • repetition impaired
  • comprehension normal
A

Broca’s

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7
Q

expressive aphasia?

A

Broca’s aphasia

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8
Q

function of arcuate fasciculus?

A

connection between wernickes and Broca’s area

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9
Q

cause of conduction aphasia?

A

stroke in arcuate fasiculus

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10
Q
  • speech is fluent
  • repetition is poor
  • pt aware
  • comprehension is normal
A

conductiva aphasia

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11
Q

severe expressive and receptive aphasia

A

global aphasia

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12
Q

back pain/ leg tingling that improve with leaning forward

A

disc herniation

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13
Q

neuropathy caused by disc herniation

A

radiculopathy

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14
Q
  • dementia
  • ‘magnetic’ (abnormal) gait
  • incontinence
A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

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15
Q

dilated lateral ventricles on CT, loss of sulci

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

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16
Q

Tx for NPH?

A

LP - symptomatic relief
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

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17
Q
  • contralateral loss of pain + temp
  • ipsilateral bulbar - hoarseness
  • verstibulocerebellar: multidirectional nystagmus
  • ipsilateral autonomic - Horners
A

Lateral medullary syndrome

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18
Q

wallenburg?

A

laterally medullary syndrome

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19
Q

cause of lateral medullary syndrome?

A

PICA
posterior-inferior-cerebellar-infarct

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20
Q

Brocas

A

inferior frontal gyrus

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21
Q

wernickes

A

superior temporal

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22
Q

Parkinsonism:
- asymmetric tremor
- gaze palsy
- early postural instability
- no autonomy dys

A

progressive supranuclear palsy

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23
Q

Parkinsonism + autonomic dysfunction + cerebellar

A

MSA

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24
Q

prophylaxis for cluster

A

verapamil

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25
Q

huntingtons cause?

A

CAG repeat expansion in HTT gene

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26
Q

most important test in MG

A

FVC

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27
Q

1st line guillian barre

A

IV Immunoglobulin

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28
Q

2nd line guillian barre

A

plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)

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29
Q

2nd stroke prevention?

A

aspirin + clopidogrel
statin

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30
Q

alpha-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions?

A

Lewy bodies

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31
Q

Investigations for SAH?

A
  1. within 6 hr: CT head
  2. after 12 hrs: LP
  3. CT angio
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32
Q

triptans MOA?

A

5-HT receptor agonist
bind to serotonin receptors

33
Q

inverted champagne bottle
+ loss of ankle dorsiflexion

34
Q

imaging for TIA/

A

Diffusion weighted MRI

35
Q

med given for dyskinesia caused by levodopa?

A

amantadine

36
Q

symptoms of autonomic dysfunction

A

postural hypo
constipation
diaphoresis
sexual dysfunction

37
Q

hyper dense bi convex

A

extradural

38
Q

hyperdesnce bi concave signal

39
Q

type A Beta-amyloid protein + neurofibrillary tangles

A

alzheimers

40
Q

neural tube defects

A

sodium valproate during pregnancy

41
Q

most common inherited gene for CMT

42
Q

imaging for Parkinson’s?

43
Q

headache:
- worse at night
- on coughing
- bending forward
- vomit

A

raised ICP cause

44
Q

Macdonald criteria

A

MS diagnosis

45
Q

“locked in” syndrome

A

basillar stroke
complete loss of limb movements,
only retained vertical gaze

46
Q

palsy associated with tonsillar herniation

A

abducens / CN VI

47
Q

small hand muscle paralysis + horners syndrome?

A

Klumpke’s palsy /
lower brachial plexus dmg

48
Q

GCS: V -
Grunts/ groans

49
Q

GCS: Eyes -
open to pain

50
Q

GCS: Eyes -
open to speech

51
Q

GCS: motor -
flexes AWAY from pain

52
Q

GCS: motor -
abnormal flexure / decorticate posture

53
Q

GCS: motor -
extension in respone to pain

54
Q

severe hypertension
flushing
bradycardia

A

autonomic dysreflexia

55
Q

causes of autonomic dysreflexia

A

CONSTIPATION
C - spine injury

56
Q

MS type, flares return to normal baseline, even if relapses are increasing in frequency?

A

relapsing- remitting

57
Q
  • tremor when arms outstretched
  • soft + shaky voice?
A

benign essential tremor

58
Q

DVLA:

1st seizure, no epilepsy diagnosis

A

6 months until can drive again

59
Q

DVLA

seizure + diagnosis of epilepsy?

A

1 year seizure free before can drive

60
Q

imaging for stroke?

A

NON CONTRAST CT Head

61
Q

bilateral axillary freckles

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

62
Q

which nerve palsy is caused by IIH?

63
Q

cause of cushing reflex?

A

raised ICP

64
Q

features of Cushing reflex?

A

bradycardia
hypertension
bradypnoea

65
Q

Tx for cushings reflex?

A

therapeutic hyperventilation:
- raise CO2 levels
- cause cerebral vasoconstriction
- decrease ICP

66
Q
  • severely reduced GCS
  • quad paralysis
  • pin point pupils
A

pontine haemorrhage

67
Q

cause of subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord?

A

B12 deficiency

68
Q

empty delta sign on venography?

A

sagital sinus thrombus

69
Q

positive Hoffman’s sign?

A

degenerative cervical myelopathy

70
Q

treatment for cervical myelopathy?

A

surgical decompression

71
Q

abx increasing risk of IIH?

A

tetracycline

72
Q

test for ‘young stroke’ (under 55) with no obvious cause?

A

thrombophilia + APS screening

73
Q

young patient
“cape-like” loss of pain and temperature?
+ lower motor neurone weakness in arms

A

syringomyelia

74
Q

medication which can trigger subacute degeneration of spinal cord?

A

folic acid

75
Q
  • loss of properiocetion
  • loss of vibration
  • muscle weakness
  • hyperreflexia
A

subacute degeneration of spinal cord

76
Q

treatment of myasthenic crisis?

A

plasmaphoresis + IV Igs

77
Q

Ix for patient on DOAC with TIA?

A

non-contrast head CT to rule out bleed - EVEN IF TIA SYMPTOMS RESOLVED

78
Q

‘curtain like’ loss of vision, resolved in under an hour?

A

amaurosis fugarax: retinal artery TIA

Year 3 (8 decks)

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