renal transport systems

Question 1

site of action of loop diuretics

Answer 1

thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney

Question 2

mechanism of loop diuretics

Answer 2

blocks NKCC2
decrease in Na Cl reabsorption
increases urine output and decreases blood volume

Question 3

side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 3

dehydration
hypokalaemia

Question 4

site of action of thiazide

Answer 4

distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

mechanism of thiazide

Answer 5

inhibit the Na+/Cl- co-transporter, reducing sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.
increases Ca reabsorption

Question 6

increased aldosterone aids

Answer 6

potassium loss

Question 7

site of action of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 7

distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of nephron

Question 8

mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 8

aldosterone antagonist
blocks sodium channels

Question 9

explain how potassium sparing diuretics block Na reabsorption

Answer 9

by blocking ENaC on the apical
membrane and reduce K+ secretion by a reduction
in Na+/K+ATPase activity on the basolateral membrane.

Question 10

side effects of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 10

hyperkalemia