ligand gated ion channels- inotropic glutamate receptors

Question 1

what is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS

Answer 1

L-glutamate

Question 2

What are ionotropic glutamate receptors?

Answer 2

ligand gated ion channels that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission when stimulated by glutamate

Question 3

What are the three main types of ionotropic glutamate receptors?

Answer 3

NMDA
AMPA
kainate

Question 4

What ions do AMPA receptors allow through the channel?

Answer 4

permeable to Na and K with little permeability to Ca

Question 5

What ions do NMDA receptors allow into the cell?

Answer 5

permeable to Na K Ca

Question 6

What ions do kainate receptors allow into the cell?

Answer 6

permeable to Na and K and little permeability to Ca

Question 7

ionotropic glutamate receptors have __ subunits

Answer 7

4 (tetramers)

Question 8

AMPA receptors are _____-oligomers

Answer 8

homo

Question 9

NMDA and kainate receptors are _____-oligomers

Answer 9

hetero

Question 10

what forms the pore of the channel

Answer 10

M2 and M3

Question 11

name the NMDA subunits

Answer 11

GluN1
GluN2A GluN2B GluN2C GluN2D
GluN3A GluN3B

Question 12

what is required for the activation of NMDA receptor

Answer 12

binding of glutamate and co-agonist glycine

Question 13

name the 2 agonists of NMDA receptor

Answer 13

NMDA glycine

Question 14

what normally blocks the NMDA receptor and how is it removed

Answer 14

Mg
following membrane depolarisation the Mg ions are push out the channel

Question 15

what is ketamine

Answer 15

an open channel blocker at the NMDA receptor

Question 16

what is amantidine

Answer 16

an antiviral that acts as a channel blocker at NMDA receptor

Question 17

name the subunits of AMPA receptors

Answer 17

GluA1 GluA2 GluA3 GluA4

Question 18

name the agonists of the AMPA receptors

Answer 18

glutamate and AMPA

Question 19

name an analogue for glutamate

Answer 19

domoic acid

Question 20

what has low potency at AMPA receptors

Answer 20

domain acts and kainate

Question 21

name the subunits that can form the homo-oligomers of the kainate receptor

Answer 21

GluK1 GluK2 GluK3

Question 22

name the agonists for kainate receptor

Answer 22

glutamate
kainate
domoic acid

Question 23

name the ‘orphan’ glutamate receptor subunits

Answer 23

GluD1 GluD2

Question 24

mutation of glutamate receptors are associated with which condition

Answer 24

epilepsy

Question 25

which receptors mediate ischaemic neuronal death

Answer 25

NMDA and AMPA

Question 26

what is PCP

Answer 26

a channel blocker for NMDA receptors

Question 27

what causes excitotoxicity

Answer 27

rise in intracellular Ca from glutamate receptor activation

Question 28

glutamate is converted into GABA by which enzyme

Answer 28

glutamate decarboxylase

Question 29

sodium valproate is used to stimulate?

Answer 29

glutamate decarboxylase
increasing the amount of GABA and inhibition