Renal System Flashcards
What is the renal system
Kidneys
What do the ureter, bladder and urethra do?
Store and carry urine
Primary function of kidneys
Make urine and filter waste
Blood sources to/from kidneys
Renal artery and renal vein
Where does renal artery branch from
Abdominal aorta
Where do renal vein drain filtered blood to
Abdominal vena cava
Outer region of the kidneys
Renal cortex
Inner region of the kidneys
Renal medulla
Area in kidneys where urine collects and is eventually drained via ureter
Renal pelvis
Groups of tubules in medulla that drain into renal pelvis
Renal Pyramids
True/false: kidneys are also endocrine producers (make hormones)
True
Hormone made by kidneys that acts on bone marrow to stimulate RBC production
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Are kidneys also metabolic organs?
Yes
What metabolic function do kidneys carry out?
Gluconeogenesis
What does the process of gluconeogenesis make glucose from?
Lactic acid and amino acids
Smallest functional unit of kidneys
Nephron
How many nephrons in each kidney
About 1 million
2 components of nephrons
Vascular and Tubular
Claw-shaped tubule that wraps around glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Tuft of capillaries where urine production starts
Glomerulus
Tubule that comes after Bowman’s capsule
Proximal
What tubule comes after proximal
Loop of Henle (descending and ascending)
What tubules comes after ascending
Distal
Where distal tubule goes to
Collecting duct
How many nephrons are typically attached to collecting ducts
8-10
Where are collecting ducts found?
Medullary pyramids
Where do collecting ducts drain to?
Renal pelvis
Smallest branch of renal artery that delivers blood to glomerulus
Afferent arterioles
Fluid moving from glomerulus to bowman’s capsule
Glomerular filtration
Fluid that goes from glomerular capillaries to bowman’s capsule is the same as plasma minus what?
Cells, proteins
Blood not filtered by glomerulus moves to where?
Efferent arterioles
Blood from efferent arterioles go to this mesh-like network of capillaries that surround the nephron
Peritubular capillaries
Where do peritubular capillaries drain blood to?
Abdominal Vena cava
Structure that is very important regulator of filtration
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Where is juxtaglomerular apparatus located?
In distal tubule where a V is formed by afferent and efferent arterioles
What does juxtaglomerular apparatus measure in distal tubule?
BP, O2, fluid rate
Type of nephrons located in outer cortex
Superficial cortical
What percent of all nephrons are superficial cortical
80%
Nephrons located in inner cortex near medulla
Juxtamedullary
Percent of nephrons that are typically juxtamedullary
20%
Where are glomeruli of superficial cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons only found?
In the cortex
Superficial cortical nephrons have short loops of henle that extend to where?
Upper medulla
Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of henle that extend to where?
Deep in medulla with tip of loop next to renal pelvis
What kind of vessels do superficial cortical nephrons have?
Mesh of peritubular capillaries
What kind of vessels do Juxtamedullary nephrons have?
Single efferent loop that runs parallel to loop of henle
What is single efferent loop in Juxtamedullary nephrons called?
Vasa recta
What shape does vasa recta form after it leaves medulla?
Mesh
What is function of cortical nephrons?
Make urine
What is function of Juxtamedullary nephrons?
Concentrate urine and conserve water
3 processes of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration (GF)
Tubular reabsorption (TR)
Tubular secretion (TS)
How much of plasma is filtered at glomerulus?
20%
Where does the other 80% of plasma go that isn’t filtered by glomerulus
Efferent arterioles
At peritubular capillaries, what gets reabsorbed from filtered fluid?
Water and solutes
Glomerulus and bowman’s capsules together is called what?
Renal corpuscle