Renal/Repro/Resp Flashcards
Mannitol (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Osmotic diuretic; used to treat drug overdose and increased ICP; pulmonary edema, CHF Pharmacology Renal
Acetazolamide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; used for glaucoma, metabolic alklalosis; hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, ammonia toxicity, sulfa allergy Pharmacology Renal
Furosemide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits NKCC channel, preventing urine concentration; used in hypertension, CHF, hypercalcemia; ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, nephritis, gout, sulfa allergy Pharmacology Renal
Ethacrynic acid (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits NKCC channel; used in patients with furosemide (sulfa) allergy; hyperuricemia Pharmacology Renal
Hydrochlorothiazide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in DCT and increases Ca reabsorption; hypertension and hypercalcinuria; hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, sulfa allergy Pharmacology Renal
Spironolactone, eplerenone (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Aldosterone receptor antagonists; hyperaldosteronism, CHF, hypokalemia; hyperkalemia (arrhythmias), antiandrogen effects with spironolactone Pharmacology Renal
Triamterene, amiloride (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Block sodium channels in cortical collecting duct; hyperaldosteronism, CHF Pharmacology Renal
Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril (mechanism, use, toxicity)
ACE inhibitor, leads to reduced angiotensin II levels and decreases GFR; prevents heart remodeling, hypertension, CHF; cough, angioedema, transient creatinine increase, hyperkalemia Pharmacology Renal
Losartan, valsartan (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists; similar to ACE inhibitors, but do not cause cough due to normal metabolism of bradykinin Pharmacology Renal
Leuprolide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
GnRH analog that acts as an agonist in pulsatile doses and an antagonist in continuous doses; used as an agonist for infertility and an antagonist for prostate cancer, fibroids, and precocious puberty; antiandrogenic Pharmacology Reproductive
Finasteride (mechanism, use, toxicity)
5-alpha reductase inhibitor; used for BPH and male-pattern baldness Pharmacology Reproductive
Flutamide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Testosterone receptor antagonist; used in prostate cancer Pharmacology Reproductive
Ketoconazole (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits 17,20-desmolase, stopping sex steroid synthesis; used to treat polycystic ovarian syndrome Pharmacology Reproductive
Clomiphene (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Partial estrogen agonist in the hypothalamus, increases release of LH and FSH, stimulating ovulation; used for infertility and PCOS Pharmacology Reproductive
Tamoxifen (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Estrogen receptor antagonist at the breast; used for breast cancer; partial agonist at the uterus, can cause endometrial hyperplasia Pharmacology Reproductive
Raloxifene (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Estrogen receptor agonist at bone, inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates osteoblast activity; used to treat osteoporosis Pharmacology Reproductive
Anastrozole, exemestane (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Aromatase inhibitors; used in breast cancer Pharmacology Reproductive
Mifepristone (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Progesterone receptor antagonist, given with misoprostol for abortion; abortifacient; bleeding, abdominal pain Pharmacology Reproductive
Terbutaline (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Beta-2 agonist, inhibits uterine contractions Pharmacology Reproductive
Tamsulosin (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Alpha-1 antagonist; used to treat BPH Pharmacology Reproductive
Sildenafil, vardenafil (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, causing inc. cGMP levels and smooth muscle relaxation; used in erectile dysfunction; impaired blue-green vision, contradindicated with nitrates Pharmacology Reproductive
Danazol (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Partial androgen receptor agonist; used to treat endometriosis and hereditary angioedema; weight gain, acne, hirsutism, low HDL, hepatoxicity Pharmacology Reproductive
Treat methemoglobinemia with
Methylene blue Pharmacology Respiratory
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine (mechanism, use, toxicity)
(First generation) H1 antagonists; used in allergies, motion sickness, insomnia; sedation, antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, and antimuscarinic effects due to CNS penetration Pharmacology Respiratory
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine (mechanism, use, toxicity)
H1 antagonists; used in allergies; less fatigue than other antihistamines due to decreased CNS penetration Pharmacology Respiratory
Albuterol (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Short-acting beta-2 agonist; asthma Pharmacology Respiratory
Salmeterol, formoterol (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Long-acting beta-2 agonist; asthma; tremor, arrhythmias Pharmacology Respiratory
Theophylline (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increases cAMP and causes bronchodilation; asthma; cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity Pharmacology Respiratory
Ipratropium (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchoconstriction; asthma and COPD Pharmacology Respiratory
Beclomethasone, fluticasone (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibit cytokine synthesis, reducing inflammation due to asthma Pharmacology Respiratory
Montelukast, zafirlukast (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Leukotriene receptor antagonists; especially useful in aspirin-induced asthma Pharmacology Respiratory
Zileuton (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits activity of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibiting leukotriene production; reduces inflammation Pharmacology Respiratory
Omalizumab (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Anti-IgE antibody; used in refractory allergic asthma Pharmacology Respiratory
Guaifenesin (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Thins respiratory secretions Pharmacology Respiratory
N-acetylcysteine (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Loosens mucus plugs; used in CF patients and as an antidote to acetominaphen posioning Pharmacology Respiratory
Bosentan (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, reducing vascular resistance in the pulmonary vessels; used in pulmonary hypertension Pharmacology Respiratory
Dextromethorphan (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antagonizes NMDA receptors, inhibiting coughing; produces opioid effects in large doses and carries mild abuse potential Pharmacology Respiratory
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Alpha-1 agonists that reduce edema and nasal congestion; rhinitis; hypertension, quick tolerance (recurrence of symptoms despite continued treatment) Pharmacology Respiratory
