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Systems Physiology > Renal Physiology (cont.) > Flashcards

Renal Physiology (cont.) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the kidney regulate the production of?

A

RBC

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2
Q

What does the kidney make when oxygen concentration is low?

A

Erythropoietin

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3
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Increase bone marrow production of RBC

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4
Q

What does the kidney impact the absorption of from the intestine?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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5
Q

The kidney impacts the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in response to…

A

Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

What causes PTH to be released?

A

Low calcium or high phosphorus in the blood

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7
Q

What does PTH turn on?

A

Enzyme 1 alpha hydroxylase

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8
Q

What does enzyme 1 alpha hydroxylase do?

A

Converts 25 hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol/ 1, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3) in the kidney

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9
Q

What does calcitriol do?

A

Increases calcium and phosphorus absorption from the intestines

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10
Q

The kidney works with the lungs to…

A

buffer the blood

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11
Q

Name the three buffer systems

A

Bicarbonate, ammonia, phosphate

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12
Q

What is the most important buffer system in the blood

A

Bicarbonate

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13
Q

What does the bicarbonate buffer system respond to?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

What does metabolic acidosis lead to?

A

Acidic urine and increased respiration rate

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15
Q

Where does the bicarbonate buffer system take place?

A

Intercalated cells of the DCT and collecting duct

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16
Q

What happens in the kidney in a high acid environment?

A

Hydrogen ions are excreted into the urine and a bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed from the filtrate

17
Q

What effect does hydrogen ions in the urine and bicarbonate ions reabsorbed from the filtrate have on urine pH?

A

Decreases it

18
Q

What else must be excreted in the urine to allow the bicarbonate ion to be reabsorbed?

A

A chloride ion

19
Q

What is chloride shift?

A

A chloride ion is excreted into the urine to allow the bicarbonate ion to be reabsorbed

20
Q

What does the bicarbonate ion do once reabsorbed?

A

Combines with other hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid

21
Q

What is carbonic acid converted to?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What enzyme is required to convert carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

23
Q

What is required for carbonic anhydrase?

A

Zinc

24
Q

Where is carbonic acid converted to carbon dioxide and water using carbonic anhydrase?

A

RBC

25
Q

What is the reaction for carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water?

A

H+ + HCO3- -> H2CO3 (+carbonic anhydrase/zinc) -> CO2 + H2O in RBC

26
Q

What do hydrogen and bicarbonate ions increase the rate of?

A

Respiration in the respiratory center of the brain (respiratory alkalosis)

27
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Respiration in the respiratory center of the brain

28
Q

What system takes over when the bicarbonate buffer system is not enough?

A

Ammonia buffer system

29
Q

What does the ammonia buffer system do?

A

Attaches two hydrogen ions to the amino group of L-glutamine

30
Q

Attaching two hydrogen ions to the amino group of L-glutamine results in…

A

NH4+ (ammonium ion)

31
Q

What is excreted into the urine as a result of NH4+ (ammonium ion)?

A

A chloride ion

32
Q

What does the chloride ion excreted as a result of NH4+allow for?

A

Bicarbonate ion to be reabsorbed

33
Q

What occurs after the bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed in the ammonia buffer system?

A

Same reaction as in the bicarbonate buffer system and same outcomes
(bicarbonate attaches to H+ to make carbonic acid etc.)

34
Q

What takes over when bicarbonate ions are exhausted?

A

Phosphate buffer system

35
Q

What is the impact of the phosphate buffer system?

A

Bone demineralization

Systems Physiology (11 decks)

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