Calcium Homeostasis

Question 2

What is a normal blood calcium level?

Answer 2

9-11mg/100ml

Question 3

Hypocalcemia causes the ___ of the parathyroid gland to release ___

Answer 3

Hypocalcemia cause the chief cells of the parathyroid gland to release parathyroid hormone

Question 4

Chief cells of the parathyroid gland will release PTH to which target organs?

Answer 4

Bone and kidneys

Question 5

PTH has what effect on bone?

Answer 5

Raises blood calcium by increasing osteoclasts

Question 6

PTH has what effect on the kidneys?

Answer 6

Raises blood calcium by: increasing calcium absorption and decreasing phosphate absorption (increases phosphate in urine by phosphate buffer system)

Question 7

What is formed when PTH raises blood calcium through the kidneys?

Answer 7

1,25 (OH)2 Vitamin D3 AKA Calcitriol

Question 8

What is the impact of calcitriol formed by kidneys raising blood calcium?

Answer 8

Increases calcium and phosphorus absorption from the intestines

Question 9

Hypercalcemia causes the ___ of the thyroid gland to release ___

Answer 9

Hypercalcemia causes the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to release calcitonin

Question 10

Where do parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland release calcitonin?

Answer 10

Bone and kidneys

Question 11

What is the effect of calcitonin on bones?

Answer 11

Lowers blood calcium by increasing osteoblasts

Question 12

What is the effect of calcitonin on kidneys?

Answer 12

Lowers blood calcium by decreasing calcium absorption and increasing phosphate absorption

Question 13

Vitamin D synthesis begins in the ___ when exposed to ___

Answer 13

Vitamin D synthesis begins in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light

Question 14

Hydroxylation of Vitamin D3 will ultimately make:

Answer 14

calcitriol