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SUGAR > Renal physiology > Flashcards

Renal physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does GFR stand for?

A

glomerular filtration rate

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2
Q

What is glomerular filtration rate?

A

the volume of fluid filtered from the glomerulus to the Bowmann’s space per unit time

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3
Q

What is the average GFR is a 70Kg person?

A

125ml/min

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4
Q

What is the oncotic pressure into the bowmann’s space?

A

zero!

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5
Q

Why is the oncotic pressure into the bowmann’s space zero?

A

there are no proteins in the bowmann’s space

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6
Q

What is the renal blood flow per minute?

A

1 L

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7
Q

What is PGC?

A

hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary

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8
Q

What is PBS?

A

hydrostatic pressure in the bowman’s space

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9
Q

What is πGC?

A

oncotic pressure into the glomerular capillary

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10
Q

What is KF?

A

the filtration coefficiant

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11
Q

What is the equation for glomerular filtration rate?

A

GFR= KF (PGC-PBS)-(πGC-πBS)

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12
Q

How can the afferemt and efferent arteriole decrease GFR?

A

constrict afferent arterioles

dilate efferent arteriole

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13
Q

How is GFR measured clinically?

A

creatinine used as a marker substance

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14
Q

What factors affect GFR?

A 
blood pressure 
size of substance 
Charge of substance 
Surface area 
Attatchment to plasma proteins e.g albumin
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15
Q

If pressure within the afferent arteriole rises, how does it respond?

A

responds by constricting

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16
Q

When measuring GFR using a marker substance, what important qualities must the marker substance have?

A

be freely filtered
not be secreted or absorbed in the tubules
not metabolised

17
Q

What equation do we use when calculating GFR from a marker substance?

A 
GFR= Um x urinary flow rate /Pm 
Um= concentration of m in urine 
Pm= concentration of m in plasma
18
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidney per unit time

19
Q

How do we calaculate renal clearance?

A

clearance= urine concentration x urine volume / plasma concentration

20
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

GFR/ renal plasma flow

21
Q

Describe the charge of the foot processes of podocytes

A

negative

22
Q

What are the three basic layers of the filtration barrier in the kidneys?

A
  1. endothelium
  2. basement membrane
  3. epithelium
23
Q

How much of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

2/3rds

24
Q

Where in the kidney is most of the filtrate reabsobed?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

Where in the nephron does bulk reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

26
Q

Which tubule is the longest?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

27
Q

Does the proximal convoluted tubule have microvilli?

A

yes

28
Q

What are the two parts of the loop of Henle? What do they do?

A

Ascending:
impermiable to ions, H2O reabsorption
Descending:
Na, K and Cl reabsorption

29
Q

Where in the nephron does fine tuning occur?

A

the distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

ADH acts on which type of cell at the collecting duct?

A

principal cells

31
Q

The macula densa detects the concentration of which ion?

A

Na+

32
Q

What happens if the macula densa detects low Na+ concentration?

A

a low Na+ concentration implies low GFR
macula densa sends signals to increase renin
renin causes an increase in blood pressure via RAAS
this increases GFR

33
Q

What is the anion gap?

A

the difference between anions and cations

34
Q

How do we calculate the anion gap?

A

cations- anions

35
Q

describe the anion gap in a case of acidosis

A

acidosis- low anions

so wide anion gap

36
Q

How do the kidneys control water and ultimately blood pressure?

A

ADH
RAAS
Atrial natriuretic peptide

37
Q

Describe how a decrease in plasma volume is corrected for by ADH

A

decrease in plasma volume detected by baroreceptors
posterior pituitary increases ADH secretion
Increases collecting duct permeability to H2O
More H2O is absorbed at the collecting duct and less is excreted

SUGAR (10 decks)

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