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SUGAR > Pancreatic endocrinology > Flashcards

Pancreatic endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What do alpha cells secrete?

A

glucagon

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2
Q

What do beta cells secrete?

A

insulin

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3
Q

What is the most common cell in the pancreatic islets?

A

beta

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4
Q

What do delta cells secrete?

A

somatostatin

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5
Q

What does local insulin release inhibit?

A

glucagon

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6
Q

Which hormone decreases glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis?

A

insulin

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7
Q

Which hormone increases glucose uptake in tissues?

A

insulin

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8
Q

Which hormone increases hepatic glucose output?

A

glucagon

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9
Q

Describe the mechanism of insulin release

A 
Increased blood glucose
Increased glucose in beta cell
Increased rate of glucose metabolism
Increased ATP
Closes K+ channels 
Opens Ca2+ channels 
Insulin is released
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10
Q

What is proinsulin a precursor for?

A

insulin

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11
Q

Describe biphasic insulin release?

A

first phase- rapid release of stored product

second phase- slower release of newly synthesied product

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12
Q

Describe how insulin causes an increase in glucose uptake in cells?

A

Insulin binds to insulin receptors
Intracellular signalling cascade
GLUT4 vesicle mobalisation
Glucose entry into cell via GLUT4

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13
Q

Where are the primary glucose sensors?

A

pancreatic islets

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14
Q

What does low blood glucose stimulate the release of?

A

glucagon

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15
Q

What does high blood glucose inhibit the release of?

A

glucagon

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16
Q

How does glucagon act on the liver?

A

converts glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)

forms glucose from lactic acid and amino acids (gluconeogensis)

17
Q

What does high blood glucose stimulate the release of?

A

insulin

18
Q

Describe the actions of insulin

A

accelerates facillitated diffusion of glucose into cells
speeds up conversion of glucose into glycogen
Increases uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis
Speeds up synthesis of fatty acids
Slows glycogenolysis
Slows gluconeogensis

19
Q

What do low blood glucose levels inhibit the release of?

A

insulin

20
Q

What disease is characterised by hyperglycaemia ?

A

diabetes mellitus

SUGAR (10 decks)

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