Renal Physiology Flashcards
Functions of the kidney
Blood filtration Urine production Reabsorption of filtered substances Excretion of metabolic wastes Water and acid/base balance Glucose production Endocrine functions
Hormones synthesized in the kidney
Calcitriol
Renin
Erythropoietin
Hormone stimulated by the release of PTH that promotes reabsorption of calcium when blood levels are low
Calcitriol
Renin is secreted in response to
low blood pressure (RAAS)
______ nephrons consist of short loops of henle and are supplied by peritubular capillaries
Cortical
_______ nephrons have long loops of henle (critical for urine concentration) and vasa recta
juxtamedullary
Structure of the nephron that consists of the glomerulus and surrounding Bowman’s capsule.
Malpighian body
The longest part of the nephron, consisting of a proximal convoluted (PCT) and straight (PST) part.
Proximal tubule
This part of the loop of Henle is found only in nephrons with long loops
Thin ascending limb
In shorter nephrons, the loops of Henle consist of what parts?
Thick descending, thin descending, and thick ascending
Which part of the loop of Henle contains the macula densa?
Thick ascending limb
Interruption of blood supply to a tissue and then re-establishment of flow to the same tissue.
Ischemia and reperfusion
Ischemia-reperfusion related diseases and complications
Organ transplant Myocardial infarction Stroke Perinatal asphyxia Acute renal failure
Why is reperfusion the cause of damage in the tissues following a period of ischemia?
While ischemic, the tissues can adapt, using anaerobic metabolism such as glycolysis. Once blood flow is returned to the area, the overload of O2 in the tissue goes unused and is converted into ROS (OH-, O2-, H2O2) which are damaging to cells.
Damage ROS cause to cells
Loss of polarity, loss of brush border, disruption of cytoskeleton
