Male Repro Physiology Flashcards
Male fertility requires what 2 things?
Competent spermatogenesis
Functional delivery system
Competent spermatogenesis requires what 4 things?
endocrine regulation
thermoregulation
spermatogenesis
spermiogenesis
The scrotum gets its blood supply from the ______ and is innervated by the ______.
External pudendal a.
Genitofemoral n.
The _____ lymph node drains the scrotum and the ____ lymph nodes drains the testes
superficial inguinal
lumbar
The testes get blood supply from the ______ artery
testicular
Testicular temperature is regulated by:
scrotal skin: sweat glands
Pampiniform plexus: arterio-venous exchange. Blood in arteries can be sent back through the body without reaching the testes if temp is too high.
Cremaster muscle
Whole body response: respiratory rate in rams
The pampiniform plexus serves 3 purposes for the testes:
Thermoregulation: arterio-venous countercurrent keeps temp from arterial blood down.
Concentration of testosterone in the testes: keeps it from leaving and being metabolized by the liver.
Reduced pulsality: blood that reaches the testes via testicular artery has no pulse.
The blood-testis barrier functions to:
Maintain environment for sperm cells
Protect germ cells from noxious agents
Prevent autoimmune response to sperm
Mature sperm is stored in the tail of the _____, and a blockage will result in _____.
epididymis, infertility
Ampulla, prostate, vesicular glands, and bulbourethral glands are _______ _____ than be a major cause of infertility.
Accessory glands
Stallions and dogs have a ______ penis that increases in size as a result of blood engorgement.
Musculocavernous
Ruminants, boars, and camelids have a ________ penis that increases in length but not in diameter due to a strong tunica albuginea.
Fibrocartilagenous
Sensory innervation of glans penis (essential for ejaculation)
Dorsal n.
Hormone that inhibits development of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts in the male embryo
Anti-Mullerian hormone
If Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels are low in the male, what condition results?
Cryptorchidism
In the male, LH acts on the _____ cells to stimulate testosterone production.
Interstitial/Leydig
In the male, which hormone promotes protein synthesis ie: androgen binding protein?
FSH
Under FSH stimulation, Sertoli cells produce ______ and convert ______ to _______.
Under FSH stimulation, Sertoli cells produce INHIBIN and convert TESTOSTERONE to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.
After puberty, the male cycle provides peaks of testosterone every ___ hours.
3
Antigen Binding Protein (ABP) serves to
Maintain high levels of testosterone in the testes
This hormone derivative is a mediator for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Dihydrotestosterone
Estrogen in males is produced by the sertoli cells and functions to…
support spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules
*Provides negative feedback to the hypothalamus to decrease GnRH
3 mechanisms that serve as negative feedback to the hypothalamus
testosterone/dihydrotestosterone
estrogen
inhibin
In long day breeders such as stallions and tomcats, melatonin is ______ and GnRH is ______.
decreased, increased
In short day breeders like small ruminants, melatonin has a ______ effect on GnRH secretion.
stimulatory
The formation of a spermatid from a spermatogonium
spermatocytogenesis
The morphological change from spermatid to spermatozoa
spermiogenesis
During spermatogenesis, after the first mitotic division, one of the primary spermatocytes continues through meiosis to produce sperm cells, while the other primary spermatocyte…
Goes back to form the spermatogonium and maintain the germ cells so that more sperm cells can be made during the next cycle.
Sperm acquire capability for motility and fertilization in the _______.
Epididymis
Where are sperm stored?
tail of the epididymis
Libido is determined by…
Genetics
Testosterone levels
Which nerve needs to be intact for erection and ejaculation to occur?
Pudendal n.
Accessory sex glands in the male
Ampullae
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
