Male Repro Physiology

Question 1

Male fertility requires what 2 things?

Answer 1

Competent spermatogenesis

Functional delivery system

Question 2

Competent spermatogenesis requires what 4 things?

Answer 2

endocrine regulation
thermoregulation
spermatogenesis
spermiogenesis

Question 3

The scrotum gets its blood supply from the ______ and is innervated by the ______.

Answer 3

External pudendal a.

Genitofemoral n.

Question 4

The _____ lymph node drains the scrotum and the ____ lymph nodes drains the testes

Answer 4

superficial inguinal

lumbar

Question 5

The testes get blood supply from the ______ artery

Answer 5

testicular

Question 6

Testicular temperature is regulated by:

Answer 6

scrotal skin: sweat glands

Pampiniform plexus: arterio-venous exchange. Blood in arteries can be sent back through the body without reaching the testes if temp is too high.

Cremaster muscle

Whole body response: respiratory rate in rams

Question 7

The pampiniform plexus serves 3 purposes for the testes:

Answer 7

Thermoregulation: arterio-venous countercurrent keeps temp from arterial blood down.

Concentration of testosterone in the testes: keeps it from leaving and being metabolized by the liver.

Reduced pulsality: blood that reaches the testes via testicular artery has no pulse.

Question 8

The blood-testis barrier functions to:

Answer 8

Maintain environment for sperm cells
Protect germ cells from noxious agents
Prevent autoimmune response to sperm

Question 9

Mature sperm is stored in the tail of the _____, and a blockage will result in _____.

Answer 9

epididymis, infertility

Question 10

Ampulla, prostate, vesicular glands, and bulbourethral glands are _______ _____ than be a major cause of infertility.

Answer 10

Accessory glands

Question 11

Stallions and dogs have a ______ penis that increases in size as a result of blood engorgement.

Answer 11

Musculocavernous

Question 12

Ruminants, boars, and camelids have a ________ penis that increases in length but not in diameter due to a strong tunica albuginea.

Answer 12

Fibrocartilagenous

Question 13

Sensory innervation of glans penis (essential for ejaculation)

Answer 13

Dorsal n.

Question 14

Hormone that inhibits development of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts in the male embryo

Answer 14

Anti-Mullerian hormone

Question 15

If Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels are low in the male, what condition results?

Answer 15

Cryptorchidism

Question 16

In the male, LH acts on the _____ cells to stimulate testosterone production.

Answer 16

Interstitial/Leydig

Question 17

In the male, which hormone promotes protein synthesis ie: androgen binding protein?

Answer 17

FSH

Question 18

Under FSH stimulation, Sertoli cells produce ______ and convert ______ to _______.

Answer 18

Under FSH stimulation, Sertoli cells produce INHIBIN and convert TESTOSTERONE to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.

Question 19

After puberty, the male cycle provides peaks of testosterone every ___ hours.

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Antigen Binding Protein (ABP) serves to

Answer 20

Maintain high levels of testosterone in the testes

Question 21

This hormone derivative is a mediator for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 21

Dihydrotestosterone

Question 22

Estrogen in males is produced by the sertoli cells and functions to…

Answer 22

support spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules

*Provides negative feedback to the hypothalamus to decrease GnRH

Question 23

3 mechanisms that serve as negative feedback to the hypothalamus

Answer 23

testosterone/dihydrotestosterone
estrogen
inhibin

Question 24

In long day breeders such as stallions and tomcats, melatonin is ______ and GnRH is ______.

Answer 24

decreased, increased

Question 25

In short day breeders like small ruminants, melatonin has a ______ effect on GnRH secretion.

Answer 25

stimulatory

Question 26

The formation of a spermatid from a spermatogonium

Answer 26

spermatocytogenesis

Question 27

The morphological change from spermatid to spermatozoa

Answer 27

spermiogenesis

Question 28

During spermatogenesis, after the first mitotic division, one of the primary spermatocytes continues through meiosis to produce sperm cells, while the other primary spermatocyte…

Answer 28

Goes back to form the spermatogonium and maintain the germ cells so that more sperm cells can be made during the next cycle.

Question 29

Sperm acquire capability for motility and fertilization in the _______.

Answer 29

Epididymis

Question 30

Where are sperm stored?

Answer 30

tail of the epididymis

Question 31

Libido is determined by…

Answer 31

Genetics

Testosterone levels

Question 32

Which nerve needs to be intact for erection and ejaculation to occur?

Answer 32

Pudendal n.

Question 33

Accessory sex glands in the male

Answer 33

Ampullae
Vesicular glands
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands