Renal Physiology (5B) Flashcards
Hyperosmolar interstitial space is a requirement for the ___ regulation of water ___.
physiological, reabsorption
The fluid becomes __ at the descending limb and fluid is ___ again when it enters the ascending limb and enters the distal tubule.
concentrated, diluted
The DCT has very ___ fluid and an osmolarity of ___ mOsm/L
dilute, 100
The ADH works on the ___ duct and fluid inside the tubule become __osmotic with the interstitial space at 300 mOsm/L.
collecting, iso
Even more water is reabsorbed at the cortical ___ duct due to the hormone __ effect.
collecting, ADH
The high osmolarity gradient in the interstitial fluid helps water permeate out of the ___ collecting tubule.
medullary
The __ collecting duct comes before the ___ collecting duct.
cortical, medullary
Active transport of NaCl is limited to the (3):
- ascending loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- cortical collecting duct
*** Direction of blood flow in the vasa recta is ____ to the direction of filtrate flow in the LOH.
opposite
If the vasa recta were a straight tube, there would be ___ [ ] of salt by the end and it would reabsorb too much into the ___.
The ___ would as well not be maintained.
high, bloodstream
countercurrent
Filtrate entering the descending loop becomes progressively more ___ because it ___ water to the vasa recta.
concentrated, loses
Blood in the vasa recta has a important role in removing the __ that leaves the LOH.
water
The ascending limb pumps out __ such as Na+/K+ and Cl- that the filtrate becomes __osmotic.
ions, hypo
Blood in the vasa recta acts as a ____-___ exchanger.
counter current
The vasa recta is responsible for ensuring the:
- gradient is not washed away
- maintenance of the Na+ and Cl- gradient
Blood flow in the medulla is __. It has ___% of total renal blood flow and is sluggish. It’s primary role is to prevent ___ loss.
low, 5, solute
The capillaries are freely permeable to (3):
- ions
- urea
- water
move in and out in response to the gradients present
IMPORTANT: the vasa recta does not create the ___ hyperosmolarity.
Instead, ….
medullary
prevents it from being washed out and maintains it
NaCl moves out the __ limb of and enter the ___ limb of the vasa recta as blood to enter the ___ limb of the vasa recta.
ascending, descending, descending
Water diffuses from the ___ limb to the __ limb of the vasa recta.
descending, ascending
The countercurrent is important because it
reinforces the gradeint created by renal salt and water exchange
Additionally, the countercurrent will increase ___+ and ___ concentration in the medulla interstial space.
Na, urea
100% of __ is filtered through the glomerulus and renal corpuscle.
urea
___ of urea is reabsorbed into the proximal tubule and __ in secreted back into the LOH.
50%, 50%
