Renal Physiology (1A)

Question 1

What does the word ‘Renal’ mean?

Answer 1

Related to the kidneys

Question 2

What is the most obvious function of the kidney?

Answer 2

Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure

Question 3

What substances do kidneys excrete?

Answer 3

• Urea
• Uric acid
• Creatinine
• Bilirubin

Question 4

What hormones/ enzymes do kidneys secrete?

Answer 4

• Erythropoietin
• 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D
• Renin

Question 5

What are the two main body fluid compartments?

Answer 5

• Intracellular fluid (ICF)
• Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 6

What is the ultimate goal of fluid movement in the body?

Answer 6

Maintain homeostasis

Question 7

Define homeostasis.

Answer 7

Total body balance of any substance

Question 8

What are the ionic compositions of body fluid compartments?

Answer 8

Varies by compartment

Examples include sodium, potassium, chloride concentrations.

Question 9

What is the blood composition made of?

Answer 9

55% is plasma
45% is red blood cells
<1% is buffy coat

Question 10

What is the buffy coat made of?

Answer 10

White blood cells and platelets

Question 11

Broken down components of plasma

Answer 11

Water
Ions
Organic molecules
Trace elements and vitamins
Gases

Question 12

What are examples of gases in plasma

Answer 12

CO2 and O2

Question 13

What are examples of organic molecules in plasma

Answer 13

Amino acids
Proteins (Albumins, Globulins and Fibrinogen)
Glucose
Lipids
Nitrogenous waste

Question 14

Renal Functions (4)

Answer 14

Regulate
Excrete
Synthesize
Secrete

Question 15

Function: Regulation of Kidney

Answer 15

Blood volume and pressure

Question 16

How does the kidney regulate blood volume and pressure (IMPORTANT)

Answer 16

1. water concentration and fluid volume
2. inorganic ion composition
3. acid-base balance

Question 17

Function: Excretion of Kidney

Answer 17

Urea (break down of protein)
Uric acid (nitrogenous bases of DNA)
Creatine (muscle)
Bilirubin (hemoglobin when recycled)
Removes foreign chemicals (drugs, food additives and pesticides)

Question 18

Function: Synthesis in the Kidney

Answer 18

Glucose from gluconeogenesis
(this occurs after long periods of starvation for new glucose generation)

Question 19

Function: Secretion in the Kidney

Answer 19

Hormones and enzymes
1. Erythropoietin
2. 1, 25 - dihydroxy Vitamin D
3. Renin (enzyme synthesized in the kidneys)

Question 20

What is the adult male fluid compartment weight?

Answer 20

70 kg

Question 21

Total body water

Answer 21

42L

Question 22

How much do the fluid compartments occupy your total body weight of a male?

Answer 22

60%
40% is intracellular (28L)
20% is extracellular (14L)

Question 23

When does the fluid volume change in the fluid compartments?

Answer 23

• during various health disorders (blood loss after accident)
• by rapid movement of water (osmosis)

Question 24

Is plasma the fluid component of blood?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Where can molecules move between?

Answer 25

Capillary membrane Cell membrane

Question 26

What is the extracellular fluid made of?

Answer 26

Interstitial fluid (more) Plasma

Question 27

What membrane is in between the plasma and the interstitial fluid?

Answer 27

Capillary membrane

Question 28

What membrane is in between the interstitial fluid and the intracellular fluid?

Answer 28

Cell membrane

Question 29

ICF is (Intracellular fluid)

Answer 29

the fluid inside the cell and occupies 40%

Question 30

ECF is (Extracellular fluid)

Answer 30

the fluid outside the cell and occupies 20%

Question 31

ECF is comprised of (3)

Answer 31

1. interstitial fluid 2. cerebrospinal fluid 3. plasma

Question 32

What is plasma?

Answer 32

liquid that is non-cellular portion of the blood, fluid is found inside blood vessels

Question 33

Ionic composition (intracellular or extracellular)

Answer 33

Na+ more in EC K+ more in IC Ca++ more in EC Mg++ more in IC Cl- more in EC HCO3- more in EC Pi more in IC Protein more in IC

Question 34

Ionic composition

Answer 34

KMPP (is inside) NCCH( is outside)