Renal Physiology (4C)

Question 1

Renal clearance

Answer 1

is the way of quantifying the kidney’s function in removing substances from plasma

Question 2

Specifically, renal clearance is the measure of volume of plasma from which a substance is ____ ______ by kidney/_____.

Answer 2

completely removed, unit time

Question 3

True or False: Every substance has a distinct clearance value.

Answer 3

True, not every substance is treated the same way in the body

Question 4

What is the unit of clearance? **

Answer 4

mL/min or L/h

Question 5

Everything that needs to exit the body will pass through the

Answer 5

Urine

Question 6

Clearance of a substance is

Answer 6

Mass of the substance excreted per unit time(in the urine)/ plasma []

Question 7

Clearance formula is**

Answer 7

UsV/Ps
Us is the concentration of substance in the urine
V the volume of urine passed (mL/min)
Ps is the concentration in the plasma

Question 8

Inulin is used commonly to measure the

Answer 8

Clearance

Question 9

Inulin is a ______ and not found in the body.

Answer 9

polysaccharide

Question 10

Inulin is readily ___ but not (3).

Answer 10

filtered, reabsorbed, secreted or metabolized by the tubule

Question 11

Clearance of Inulin is equal to ___ which is ___.

Answer 11

GFR, 180L/day

Question 12

Clearance of glucose is zero because

Answer 12

The concentration of the substance excreted per timethe urine is zero

Question 13

Clearance of creatine will be slightly ___ than that of Inulin.

Answer 13

Higher

Question 14

Creatine can be used to measure ___ clinically because humans produce it as a ___ ____.

Answer 14

GFR, muscle metabolism

Question 15

Creatine is filtered, not ___ but undergoes slight ____.

Answer 15

reabsorbed, secretion

Question 16

Clearance of creatinine ____ overestimates GFR, but can be used clinically.

Answer 16

slightly

Question 17

If clearance of substance > GFR then the substance must be

Answer 17

secreted

Question 18

If the clearance of the substance < GFR then the substance must be

Answer 18

reabsorbed

Question 19

If the clearance of the substance is zero then the substance must be

Answer 19

completely reabsorbed

Question 20

For example PAH is

Answer 20

filtered and secreted

Question 21

For example glucose is

Answer 21

filtered and completely reabsorbed

Question 22

In terms of ion transport in the nephron, Na + is actively _____ and Cl- is ____ transported when Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is ___ into the tubules MAINLY by cells of the distal tubules and that of the COLLECTING DUCTS.

Answer 22

reabsorbed, passively, secreted

Question 23

K+ is ___ into the tubules MAINLY by cells of the distal tubules and that of the COLLECTING DUCTS.

Answer 23

secreted

Question 24

In the PCT, reabsorption of ____ and non-waste ___ solutes occurs the most. This also includes ___.

Answer 24

water, plasma, electrolytes

Question 25

PCT involves a major site of solute ____ except for ___ ion.

Answer 25

secretion, K+

Question 26

The loop of Henle creates an ___ gradient that reabsorbs a large amount of ions and less amount of ___.

Answer 26

osmotic, water

Question 27

The distal convoluted tubule, DCT, is a major homeostatic mechanism of fine control that controls ___ and ___ to produce ____.

Answer 27

water, solute, urine

Question 28

Distal tubules involves some ____ activity.

Answer 28

reabsorption

Question 29

In the PCT, the major activities include (2)

Answer 29

reabsorption and secretion

Question 30

Loop of Henle include ___ amount of water but larger amount of ions are ___.

Answer 30

small, reabsorbed

Question 31

Nutritionally valuable substances are completely _____.

Answer 31

reabsorbed