Renal Physiology (4B)

Question 1

Glucose reabsorption occurs because at normal plasma, glucose concentration the clearance of glucose is ___.

Answer 1

zero

Question 2

True or False: All filtered glucose is reabsorbed

Answer 2

true

Question 3

In the proximal tubule, glucose is reabsorbed by methods of (2)

Answer 3

1. secondary active transport on the luminal side by SGLT protein
2. facilitated diffusion on the basolateral side using carrier protein GLUT

Question 4

Glucosuria is not ___ and occurs with too much __ foods. Scientifically, this occurs when the renal threshold of glucose is ___ than what is expected and appears in urine.

Answer 4

normal, sugary, higher

Question 5

Sodium-linked glucose reabsorption in the ____ tubule.

Answer 5

proximal

Question 6

At the luminal side, secondary ___ transport takes place and Na+ is moving down its ___ gradient using the SGLT proteins pulling the glucose ___ its concentration gradient.

Answer 6

active, electrochemical, against

Question 7

Glucose diffuses out of the ___ side of the cell using the ____ protein.

Answer 7

basolateral side, GLUT

Question 8

On the basolateral side, the Na+ is pumped __ by the Na+/K+ ____.

Answer 8

out into the interstitial fluid, ATPase

Question 10

What is the major cation in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 10

Na+

Question 11

Normal GFR in a person?

Answer 11

125 ml/min
180L/day

Question 12

Why is glucose not excreted normally?

Answer 12

It is completely reabsorbed after being filtered in the nephron

Question 13

A solute that can freely permeate a membrane is called?

Answer 13

penetrating solute (urea)

Question 14

Clearance of glucose is

Answer 14

Zero

Question 15

Where is glucose maximally reabsorbed?

Answer 15

PCT

Question 16

The purpose of the Na+/K+ pump as an active transport helps

Answer 16

Lower the [ ) of Na+ in the cell for the secondary transport of the sodium to enter

Question 17

The remaining part of particles on the base lateral side moves using

Answer 17

Bulk flow

Question 18

As plasma glucose concentration increases, the filtration rate of glucose

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

As plasma glucose increases, the reabsorption of glucose will rise in a ____ and when it reaches it Tm____ is will plateau beyond it.

Answer 19

linearly, 375mg/min

Question 20

Tm is known as the

Answer 20

Transport maximum, the maximum amount blood traveling from the basolateral side to the capillaries

Question 21

Plasma glucose will begin to excrete when the level is ____ and beyond to be spilled out into the urine.

Answer 21

300 mg/100mL

Question 22

The renal threshold is the amount at which plasma glucose will continue to be

Answer 22

normal

Question 23

True or False: Filtration will go on even if renal threshold is crossed?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

At what point do you cross the renal threshold,

Answer 24

Above 300mg/100mL

Question 25

The normal plasma glucose level is about **

Answer 25

100 - 200 mg/100mL

Question 26

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 26

Reabsorbing is normal,but filtered load is greatly increased and is beyond threshold level (overwhelmingly large) to affect reabsorption glucose by tubules Transporters are saturated and reabsorption is disrupted

Question 27

Renal glucosoria (benign glucosoria or familial renal)

Answer 27

Genetic mutation of the Na+/glucose cotransported (mediates active reabsorption of glucose to proximal tubules) Filtered load is likely normal

Question 28

Urea is freely ____ to the glomerules and is a waste product of ____.

Answer 28

filterable, protein

Question 29

Sodium is reabsorbed by

Answer 29

active transport

Question 30

The ___ ______ drives anion reabsorption.

Answer 30

Electrochemical gradient

Question 31

Water moves via ___ following solute ___.

Answer 31

Osmosis, reabsorption

Question 32

Concentration of other solutes will ___ as fluid volume in lumen ___. Permeable solutes are reabsorbed via ___.

Answer 32

Increases, decreases, diffusion

Question 33

Urea reabsorption is DEPENDENT on

Answer 33

water reabsorption

Question 34

Secretion is used to

Answer 34

get rid of any remaining entities not needed in the blood

Question 35

Tubular secretion is coupled with reabsorption of

Answer 35

Na+

Question 36

Secretion involves active transport and mostly the secretion of (2) ions from the bloodstream into the tubular lumen.

Answer 36

H+ and K+

Question 37

Creatine is secreted in ___ amounts during secretion.

Answer 37

small

Question 38

Additionally, ___ and ___ are secreted.

Answer 38

penicillin, choline

Question 39

Urea will ____ down its concentration gradient.

Answer 39

down

Question 40

The concentration of urea ___ inside the tubular lumen and that causes it to be expelled as a ___.

Answer 40

waste product