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Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Hallmark of glomerular disease

A

proteinuria

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2
Q

ultimate site of filtration

A

renal corpuscle

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3
Q

effective filtration pressure

A

50 mmHg

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4
Q

one of the best predictors of a poor outcome in clinical DM

A

decrease in podocyte number

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5
Q

Dissolution or attenuation of mesangial matrix and degradation of MCs by apoptosis or lysis

A

mesangiolysis

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6
Q

cessation of nephroegenesis

A

36th week

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7
Q

glomerulogenesis

A

8-9th week

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8
Q

amount of blood filtered per day by the kidney

A

180 L

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9
Q

definitive mamallian kidney is from the

A

metanephros

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10
Q

kidney situated between

A

12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar

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11
Q

difference between inner and outer medulla

A

absence of Thick ascending limbs in the inner medulla

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12
Q

splitting and basket-weave lamellae of the GBM

A

Alport syndrome

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13
Q

mutations in Laminin B2

A

Pierson syndrome

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14
Q

inhibitor of the TAL transporter NKCC2

A

Furosemide

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15
Q

NCC is expressed in what segment

A

Distal tubule

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16
Q

majority of cell type in connecting segment

A

CNT tubule

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17
Q

majority of cells in the collecting duct

A

principal cells

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18
Q

most abundant cell type in the peritubular interstitium

A

type 1 fibroblasts

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19
Q

majority of renal innervation

A

efferent

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20
Q

decline in hydraulic pressure between the renal artery and the glomerular capillaries is greatest along the

A

afferent arteriole

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21
Q

ability of the arterial smooth muscle to contract and relax in response to increases and decreases in vascular wall tension

A

myogenic reflex

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22
Q

maintain a hypertonic inferstitial gradient

A

medulla

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23
Q

Intrinsic ability of the kidney to respond to perturbations that elicits a vasoactive response, which alters renal vascular resistance in the direction that maintain RBF and GFR

A

renal autoregulation

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24
Q

macula densa cells, extraglomerular mesangium and afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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25
Q

primarily responsible for mediating tubuloglomerular feedback

A

adenosine

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26
Q

humoral response

A

T helper cell 2 - antibody mediated

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27
Q

cellular response

A

T helper cell 1

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28
Q

steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome

A

MCD

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29
Q

steroid resistant

A

FSGS

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30
Q

Ca dependent phosphatase which dephosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells

A

calcineurin

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31
Q

Na K ATPase

A

3 Na out 2 K in

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32
Q

Type of transport: Na K ATPase

A

primary active transport

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33
Q

Type of transport: a-KG cotransport

A

secondary active transport

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34
Q

type of transport OAT

A

tertiary active transport

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35
Q

final urinary acidifcation

A

medullary CD

36
Q

adaptive mechanism for preventing the exposure of cortical tubules to toxic levels of oxygen while permitting a high RBF

A

AV O2 shunting

37
Q

most vulnerable to ischemic injury segment of the nephron

A

S3 proximal tubule

38
Q

final pathway to progression of CKD

A

intrarenal hypoxia

39
Q

% of NaCl reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

60%

40
Q

major determinant of ecf voume

A

renal excretion of Na Cl

41
Q

primary site of transport regulation

A

terminal segment of the nephron

42
Q

near isosomotic reabsorption of 2/3 of the glomerular ultrafiltrate

A

proximal tubule

43
Q

major inhibitor of proximal tubular Na Cl reabsorption

A

dopamine

44
Q

Most abundant protein in normal human urine

A

Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein

45
Q

target for thiazide diuretics

A

DCT

46
Q

primary Na transport pathway in CNT and CCD

A

Enac

47
Q

highest NaKATPase activity

A

DCT

48
Q

loss of function mutation in ENAc; severe neonatal wasting, hypotension, acidosis, hyperkalemia

A

pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1

49
Q

gain of function mutation ENAc, suppressed aldosterone, hypokalemia

A

Liddle syndrome

50
Q

plays a critical role in medullary K recycling

A

loop of henle

51
Q

primary site of distal K secretion

A

CNT- CCD

52
Q

protein that counterbalances PTH

A

sclerostin

53
Q

metabolic acidosis urinary calcium

A

increase

54
Q

PTH in low calcium

A

increase

55
Q

transport of calcium in proximal tubule

A

pracellular and transcellular

56
Q

loss of function of claudin 16-19

A

renal ca and mg wasting/FHHNC

57
Q

inactivating mutation in NCC

A

Gitelman syndrome

58
Q

Bulk of reabsorption of Mg in which nephron segment

A

Thick ascending limb, paracellular

59
Q

major site of phosphate reabsorption

A

proximal tubule

60
Q

major site of glucose handling

A

kidneys

61
Q

loss of function of GLUT2

A

fanconi bickel syndrome

62
Q

basolateral glucose transporters

A

GLUT 1 and 2

63
Q

site of greatest renal glucose reabsorption and generation

A

proximal tubule

64
Q

major anionic transporter

A

OAT 1 and OAT 3

65
Q

main intestinal uric acid efflux transporter

A

ABCG2

66
Q

protons are secreted into luminal fluid by

A

nhe3

67
Q

mutation in NBCe1

A

Autosomal Recessive proximal RTA

68
Q

Major H+ secretory mechanism in the loop of henle

A

Na-H exchanger

69
Q

Stimulates HCO3 reabsorption in the TAL (3)

A

Ang II, mineralocorticoids, hypotonicity

70
Q

Inhibits Hco3 reabsorption (3)

A

PTH, AVP, hypertonicity

71
Q

final site of HCo3 reabsorption

A

Collecting Duct

72
Q

mutation in H-ATPase

A

distal RTA type 1

73
Q

Cl/HCo3 exchanger

A

pendrin

74
Q

major basolateral anion exchanger in Type A intercalated cell

A

kAE1

75
Q

predominant titratable acid

A

phosphate

76
Q

primary site for ammoniagenesis

A

proximal tubule

77
Q

primary substrate for renal ammoniagenesis

A

glutamine

78
Q

apical transporter, major NH3 reabsorption

A

NKCC2

79
Q

major sites of parathyroid hormone–mediated calcium absorption

A

Thick ascending limb, DCT

80
Q

final site of controlling renal acid-base regulation

A

collecting duct

81
Q

major apical transport Na entry in thick ascending limb

A

NKCC2

82
Q

earliest site along renal tubule where water absorption increases during antidiuresis

A

late distal tubule

83
Q

earliest sites of distal tubular osmotic equlibration

A

CNT, CCD

84
Q

major site of dilution

A

loop of henle

85
Q

chief site of urine concentration

A

Collecting Duct

86
Q
A

Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer (29 decks)

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