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Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Hallmark of glomerular disease

A

proteinuria

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2
Q

ultimate site of filtration

A

renal corpuscle

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3
Q

effective filtration pressure

A

50 mmHg

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4
Q

one of the best predictors of a poor outcome in clinical DM

A

decrease in podocyte number

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5
Q

Dissolution or attenuation of mesangial matrix and degradation of MCs by apoptosis or lysis

A

mesangiolysis

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6
Q

cessation of nephroegenesis

A

36th week

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7
Q

glomerulogenesis

A

8-9th week

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8
Q

amount of blood filtered per day by the kidney

A

180 L

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9
Q

definitive mamallian kidney is from the

A

metanephros

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10
Q

kidney situated between

A

12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar

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11
Q

difference between inner and outer medulla

A

absence of Thick ascending limbs in the inner medulla

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12
Q

splitting and basket-weave lamellae of the GBM

A

Alport syndrome

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13
Q

mutations in Laminin B2

A

Pierson syndrome

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14
Q

inhibitor of the TAL transporter NKCC2

A

Furosemide

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15
Q

NCC is expressed in what segment

A

Distal tubule

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16
Q

majority of cell type in connecting segment

A

CNT tubule

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17
Q

majority of cells in the collecting duct

A

principal cells

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18
Q

most abundant cell type in the peritubular interstitium

A

type 1 fibroblasts

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19
Q

majority of renal innervation

A

efferent

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20
Q

decline in hydraulic pressure between the renal artery and the glomerular capillaries is greatest along the

A

afferent arteriole

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21
Q

ability of the arterial smooth muscle to contract and relax in response to increases and decreases in vascular wall tension

A

myogenic reflex

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22
Q

maintain a hypertonic inferstitial gradient

A

medulla

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23
Q

Intrinsic ability of the kidney to respond to perturbations that elicits a vasoactive response, which alters renal vascular resistance in the direction that maintain RBF and GFR

A

renal autoregulation

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24
Q

macula densa cells, extraglomerular mesangium and afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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25
primarily responsible for mediating tubuloglomerular feedback
adenosine
26
humoral response
T helper cell 2 - antibody mediated
27
cellular response
T helper cell 1
28
steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome
MCD
29
steroid resistant
FSGS
30
Ca dependent phosphatase which dephosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells
calcineurin
31
Na K ATPase
3 Na out 2 K in
32
Type of transport: Na K ATPase
primary active transport
33
Type of transport: a-KG cotransport
secondary active transport
34
type of transport OAT
tertiary active transport
35
final urinary acidifcation
medullary CD
36
adaptive mechanism for preventing the exposure of cortical tubules to toxic levels of oxygen while permitting a high RBF
AV O2 shunting
37
most vulnerable to ischemic injury segment of the nephron
S3 proximal tubule
38
final pathway to progression of CKD
intrarenal hypoxia
39
% of NaCl reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
60%
40
major determinant of ecf voume
renal excretion of Na Cl
41
primary site of transport regulation
terminal segment of the nephron
42
near isosomotic reabsorption of 2/3 of the glomerular ultrafiltrate
proximal tubule
43
major inhibitor of proximal tubular Na Cl reabsorption
dopamine
44
Most abundant protein in normal human urine
Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein
45
target for thiazide diuretics
DCT
46
primary Na transport pathway in CNT and CCD
Enac
47
highest NaKATPase activity
DCT
48
loss of function mutation in ENAc; severe neonatal wasting, hypotension, acidosis, hyperkalemia
pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
49
gain of function mutation ENAc, suppressed aldosterone, hypokalemia
Liddle syndrome
50
plays a critical role in medullary K recycling
loop of henle
51
primary site of distal K secretion
CNT- CCD
52
protein that counterbalances PTH
sclerostin
53
metabolic acidosis urinary calcium
increase
54
PTH in low calcium
increase
55
transport of calcium in proximal tubule
pracellular and transcellular
56
loss of function of claudin 16-19
renal ca and mg wasting/FHHNC
57
inactivating mutation in NCC
Gitelman syndrome
58
Bulk of reabsorption of Mg in which nephron segment
Thick ascending limb, paracellular
59
major site of phosphate reabsorption
proximal tubule
60
major site of glucose handling
kidneys
61
loss of function of GLUT2
fanconi bickel syndrome
62
basolateral glucose transporters
GLUT 1 and 2
63
site of greatest renal glucose reabsorption and generation
proximal tubule
64
major anionic transporter
OAT 1 and OAT 3
65
main intestinal uric acid efflux transporter
ABCG2
66
protons are secreted into luminal fluid by
nhe3
67
mutation in NBCe1
Autosomal Recessive proximal RTA
68
Major H+ secretory mechanism in the loop of henle
Na-H exchanger
69
Stimulates HCO3 reabsorption in the TAL (3)
Ang II, mineralocorticoids, hypotonicity
70
Inhibits Hco3 reabsorption (3)
PTH, AVP, hypertonicity
71
final site of HCo3 reabsorption
Collecting Duct
72
mutation in H-ATPase
distal RTA type 1
73
Cl/HCo3 exchanger
pendrin
74
major basolateral anion exchanger in Type A intercalated cell
kAE1
75
predominant titratable acid
phosphate
76
primary site for ammoniagenesis
proximal tubule
77
primary substrate for renal ammoniagenesis
glutamine
78
apical transporter, major NH3 reabsorption
NKCC2
79
major sites of parathyroid hormone–mediated calcium absorption
Thick ascending limb, DCT
80
final site of controlling renal acid-base regulation
collecting duct
81
major apical transport Na entry in thick ascending limb
NKCC2
82
earliest site along renal tubule where water absorption increases during antidiuresis
late distal tubule
83
earliest sites of distal tubular osmotic equlibration
CNT, CCD
84
major site of dilution
loop of henle
85
chief site of urine concentration
Collecting Duct
86

Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer (29 decks)

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