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Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer > Random Recall Part 2 > Flashcards

Random Recall Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular calcification’s greatest risk factor

A

Low bone turnover/Adynamic Bone disease

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2
Q

Part of the peritoneum that is involve in glucose transport

A

Mesothelial cells

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3
Q

Most common mode of transfer or acquiring PD infection

A

Touch Contamination

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4
Q

Most common cause of PD Peritonitis

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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5
Q

What is feared using 0 K Bath/Low K Bath

A

Arrhythmia

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6
Q

Most dreaded complication of Acquired Polycystic Kidney Disease

A

Malignancy

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7
Q

Other Treatment option for APKD proven by studies that can dec. cyst size/vol

A

Tolvaptan

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8
Q

RAAS for Type 1 DM

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

RAAS for Type 2 DM

A

ARB

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10
Q

uremic toxin is attributed to platelet dysfunction

A

Guanidosuccinic Acid

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11
Q

most common stimulus for PTH release

A

decrease in Calcium

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12
Q

imaging to rule out ADPKD having infection

A

FDG PET

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13
Q

Hallmark of renal disease progression

A

Proteinuria

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14
Q

Hypokalemia, Low rennin, Low aldo, HTN, Met Alkalosis

A

LIDDLE’s Syndrome

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15
Q

only urinary findings with Acetazolamide

A

Bicarbonaturia

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16
Q

Treatment of NDI, antihyperglycemic agent

A

Chlorpropramide

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17
Q

Mechanism of hyperkalemia sec. to Trimethroprim

A

Blocks ENAC

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18
Q

MC cause of hypermagnesemia

A

Renal Insufficiency

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19
Q

PTH Localization pre op

A

Sestamibi scan

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20
Q

Most Common form of Calcium in the blood

A

Free Ionized Ca

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21
Q

Normal Plasma K, no symptoms, no ECG changes

A

Spurious Hypokalemia

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22
Q

GN Associated with NSAID use

A

MCD

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23
Q

treatment to MN

A

Ponticelli Protocol

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24
Q

Management of AntiGBM Disease

A

Plasmapheresis+Steroids+Cyclophosphamide

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25
Q

pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure

A

Anti GBM

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26
Q

minimal mesangial stain for C3 IgM and effacement of foot process on EM

A

MCD

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27
Q

Most common cause of RPGN in adult

A

Pauci Immune Crescentic GN

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28
Q

supepithelial hump deposits

A

PSGN

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29
Q

subepithelial deposits

A

MN

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30
Q

cause of hematuria in Sickle cell nephropathy

A

Microinfarcts in the medulla

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31
Q

Agent Causing collapsing FSGS

A

Pamidronate

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32
Q

steroid resistant FSGS treatment

A

Cyclosporine

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33
Q

Type of FSGS behaves like MCD with sudden/abrupt proteinuria

A

Tip lesion FSGS

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34
Q

Treatment for C3GN

A

MMF+ Rituximab

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35
Q

Synpharyngitic hematuria

A

IgAN

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36
Q

GN patient is morbidly obese

A

FSGS (Perihilar Type

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37
Q

feature of IgAN with better prognosis

A

macroscopic hematuria

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38
Q

fluid of choice to test if prerenal responsive vs. HRS

A

Human Albumin 25%

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39
Q

is combined with large volume paracentesis

A

Human Albumin 25%

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40
Q

agent that causes AKI by TMA

A

Bevacizumab

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41
Q

Drug causing AKI that causes precipitation of Crystals

A

Methotrexate

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42
Q

Novel AKI biomarker that assist in repair of renal tubules and decreases apoptosis

A

NGAL

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43
Q

RRT of choice IN Tumor lysis Syndrome

A

Intermittent HD

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44
Q

Treatment of AKI with volume overload

A

Furosemide

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45
Q

protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on RRT

A

1-1.3

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46
Q

protein requirement of a given patient,AKI on CRRT

A

1.7 g/kg

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47
Q

Inflammatory cell seen earliest in Ichemic Injury/AKI

A

neutrophil

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48
Q

Endothelial phenomenon that result to reduction of blood vessel density following ischemic injury

A

Vascular drop out

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49
Q

Mechanism of AKI induced by NSAIDs

A

vasoconstriction

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50
Q

mechanism of AKI in CIN

A

direct tubular toxicity

51
Q

mechanism of NAC

A

depleting glutathione

52
Q

post cardiac procedure, with livedo reticularis, elevated crea, oligoanuria)

A

atheroemboli

53
Q

Antihypertensive medication for post delivery breastfeeding mom

A

Labetalol,M-Methyldopa,P-Propranolol,E-Enalapril C-Captopril

54
Q

HD of pregnant patient

A

20hours/week

55
Q

safe immunosuppressive KT drugs in pregnancy:

A

CAST (C-CYA,A-AZA,S-Steroid, T-Tacrolimus)

56
Q

Beta blocker medications known to be contraindicated in pregnant

A

atenolol

57
Q

MHC I

A

CD8

58
Q

MHC II

A

CD4

59
Q

Drug that block the IL-2 transduction

A

CNI

60
Q

Immunosuppressive drug use for high risk group but also has highest risk of infection

A

rATG

61
Q

Most common cause of Delayed Graft Function

A

Ischemic ATN

62
Q

post KT, oligoanuria, intraop( massive bleeding, difficulty in anastomosis due to multiple art

A

Renal artery thrombosis

63
Q

Treatment of choice of pregnant KTR with Acute rejection

A

High dose steroids

64
Q

Erosion of the renal calyx that progresses to papillary necrosis, renal parenchymal cavitation & dilated calyces

A

active renal TB

65
Q

encrusted cystitis cause

A

Corynebacterium

66
Q

treatment of choice in a given case of renal mass less than 4cm, normal renal function

A

surveillance

67
Q

MC site of mets of RCC

A

Lung

68
Q

Most common cause of Hypercalciuria causing stone

A

Increase Intestinal Absorption

69
Q

Struvite stone treatment of choice

A

Surgical removal

70
Q

Kidney stone treatment of choice

A

K citrate

71
Q

next Treatment of stone post ESWL failure

A

ureteral stent

72
Q

Limit of Na correction rate

A

0.5 mmol/hr

73
Q

site of maximal bicarbonate reabsorption

A

proximal tubule

74
Q

adaptation in chronic metabolic acidosis

A

increase NHE at proximal tubule

75
Q

action of angiotensin II

A

constrict efferent arterioles

76
Q

acei with no renal dose adjustment

A

imidapril

77
Q

k in kt/v

A

dialyzer clearance of urea

78
Q

1st line medication in hypertension in pregnancy

A

methyldopa

79
Q

antihypertensive in breastfeeding postpartum

A

acei, methldopa, labetalol, propranolol

80
Q

pathophysiology of AFLP in pregnancy

A

prerenal vasoconstriction of renal artery

81
Q

PTH finding in hypercalciuria

A

increased PTH

82
Q

imaging test for renal abscess

A

CT scan

83
Q

most common site of injury in cisplatin toxicity

A

s3

84
Q

mechanism in ATN

A

apoptosis, low K and ATP

85
Q

mechanism of injury in cin

A

toxic and hypoxic injuries at the outer medulla

86
Q

differentiate between obstruction due to stasis or dilatation

A

diuretic renography

87
Q

ttkg 2-3

A

increased tubular delivery

88
Q

most common site of RCC metastasis

A

lungs

89
Q

most common symptom in RCCA

A

hematuria

90
Q

type of RCCA which is least aggressive despite presentation of a large mass

A

oncocytoma

91
Q

cyst classification with indefinite parenchymal enhancement

A

Type III

92
Q

block synthesis of cytokines including IL2 not B cells

A

corticosteroids

93
Q

inhibit calcineurin synthesis, IL2 and other T cell activation molecules

A

cyclosporine

94
Q

inhibits pure synthesis lymphocyte replication inhibited

A

azathioprine

95
Q

reversible inhibition of de novo pathway of purine synthesis relatively lymphocyte selective

A

MMF

96
Q

advantage of end to side in cannulation

A

avoid venous hypertension

97
Q

hallmark of AIN

A

inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial edema

98
Q

targets renal fibrosis in FSGS

A

pirfenidone

99
Q

most effective medication in decreasing pth and ica

A

cinnacalcet

100
Q

determines solute transport and dialyzer clearance

A

thickness of membrane

101
Q

most potent non-osmotic stimuli of AVP

A

nausea

102
Q

stimulates NHE at proximal tubule

A

low dose angiotensin, insulin

103
Q

treatment of acute prostatitis

A

b lactam or aminoglycoside x 6 weeks

FQ oral

104
Q

chronic prostatits tx

A

quinolones, macrolides
cipro/levox
doxycycline/macrolide

105
Q

mechanism of action of CNI in AKI

A

microvascular constriction

106
Q

(+) C4D, DSA, ABO, allograft dysfunction

A

Acute antibody mediated rejection

107
Q

management in HRS

A

colloid plus albumin

108
Q

ivf for post obstructive diuresis

A

0.45 Nacl IV

109
Q

duration from pharyngitis to nephritic syndrome

A

more than 7 days

110
Q

most important determinant of uric acid stones

A

low urine pH

111
Q

most likely seen stone in hyperuricosuria

A

ca oxalate

112
Q

duration of treatment post removal of struvite stone

A

until 4 weeks post eswl

113
Q

GFR in pregnancy

A

increased 50-65

114
Q

most effective in directly blocking RAAS

A

aliskerin

115
Q

most significant regulator of FGF23

A

Vitamin D

116
Q

water channels in peritoneum

A

aqp1

117
Q

responsible for water reabsorption in response to vasopresing at CD

A

aqp2

118
Q

1st line in acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

quinolones

119
Q

risk factors for UTI in post kt

A

female, DM, immunosuppresion, allograft trauma

120
Q

most reliable test for genitoruinary TB

A

IVP

121
Q

treatment of GUTB

A

2HRZE/4HR

122
Q

most Na and Water reabsorption at proximal tubule

A

NHE

123
Q

diuretic causing impotence, DM

A

thiazide

Nephrology Fellowship Reviewer (29 decks)

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