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1 STEP Renal pathology > Renal pharmacology > Flashcards

Renal pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

A

Acetazolamide.

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2
Q

Which diuretic decrease total HCO3 stores in body?

A

Acetazolamide.

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3
Q

Clinical use (4) of azetazolamide?

A

Glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, idiopatic intracranial hypertension.

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4
Q

Which diuretic alkalinizes urine?

A

Acetazolamide.

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5
Q

Which diuretic causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis?

A

Acetazolamide.

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6
Q

What are 3 sulfo loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide (torasemide).

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7
Q

What is 1 non-sulfo loop diuretic?

A

Etacrynic acid.

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8
Q

What inhibits loop diuretics?

A

Na/K/2Cl cotransport system in thick ascending Henle.

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9
Q

Which diuretic group abolish hypertonicity of medulla and prevents concentration of urine?

A

Loop diuretics.

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10
Q

How loop diuretics affects urine concentration?

A

Abolish hypertonicity of medulla –> prevents concentration of urine.

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11
Q

Which diuretics stimulate PGE release?

A

Loop (buvo prie sulfo) diuretics.

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12
Q

What is effect of PGE?

A

Vasodilatation of afferent arteriole.

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13
Q

Which drug inhibits PGE release?

A

NSAIDs.

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14
Q

How loop diuretics affects Ca excretion? Why?

A

Increase.

More Na and Cl come to DCT –> more Na and Cl reabsorbed –> increased Na conc. in cell –> decreased Na/Ca exhanger activity in basolateral (Na in, Ca out) –> less Ca goes into cell via apical membrane –> more Ca in urine.

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15
Q

Ototoxity, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Dehydration, Alergy (sulfa), Metabolic alkalosis, Interstitial Nephritis, Gout. Which diuretics?

A

Loops.

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16
Q

…………………, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Dehydration, Alergy (sulfa), Metabolic alkalosis, Interstitial Nephritis, Gout. Which diuretics and what missed adverse effect?

A

Loops. Ototoxity.

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17
Q

Ototoxity, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Dehydration, Alergy (sulfa), Metabolic alkalosis, ………………….., Gout. Which diuretics and what missed adverse effect?

A

Loops. Interstitial nephritis.

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18
Q

Ototoxity, Hypokalemia, ……………………, Dehydration, Alergy (sulfa), Metabolic alkalosis, Interstitial Nephritis, Gout. Which diuretics and what missed adverse effect?

A

Loops. Hypomagnesemia.

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19
Q

OHH DAANG - What adverse effects and what diuretics?

A

Ototoxity, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Dehydration, Alergy (sulfa), metabolic Alkalosis, Interstitial Nephritis, Gout.

Looops.

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20
Q

Why there is metabolic alkalosis in Loops?

A

Increased H+ loss via Na/H carrier in Thick Henle. Increased Na –> more Na reabsorbed, more H secreted.

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21
Q

Which diuretic promotes calcium phosphate stone formation?

A

Acetazolamide.

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22
Q

Clinical use of Loops?

A

Edematous states (HF, cirrhosis, nephritic syndrome, pulmonary edema), AH, hypercalcemia.

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23
Q

Why there is Gout when Loops are used?

A

Excretion of H2O –> more concentrated blood, e.i. increased creatinine and uric acid konc.

24
Q

Which diuretic is used, if patient has HF and sulfa alergy?

A

Ethacrynic acid.

25
Q

Which diuretic is used, if patient has hypercalcemia but not sulfa alergy?

A

Non-sulfa Loops - furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide.

26
Q

Which diuretic most ototoxic?

A

Ethacrynic acid.

27
Q

Which diuretic is used, if patient has cirrhosis?

A

Non-sulfa Loops - furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide.

28
Q

Which diuretic is used in glaucoma?

A

Acetazolamide.

29
Q

Which diuretic is used in altitude sickness?

A

Acetazolamide.

30
Q

Which diuretic is insolubale at high pH?

A

Acetazolamide –> causes calcium phosphate stones.

31
Q

Paresthesias are caused by …………………………

A

Acetazolamide.

32
Q

NH3 toxicity is caused by …………………………

A

Acetazolamide.

33
Q

Proximal renal tubular acidosis is caused by …………………………

A

Acetazolamide.

34
Q

Which diuretic is used in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Acetazolamide.

35
Q

Which diuretic cause increased tubular fluid osmolality?

A

Mannitol.

36
Q

Which diuretic is contraindicated in anuria and HF?

A

Mannitol.

37
Q

Which diuretic decrease intracranial and intraocular pressure?

A

Mannitol.

38
Q

Which diuretic, used p/os can cause diarrhear?

A

Mannitol (Poor reabsorbtion GI–> increased osmolarity –> diarrhea).

39
Q

3 adverse affects of mannitol?

A

Dehydration, pulmonary edema, hypo/hyper natremia.

40
Q

Drug overdose, elevated intracranial/intraocular pressure. What diuretic is used?

A

Mannitol.

41
Q

Which 3 diuretics inhibit Na/Cl?

A

Thiazides: hydrochlorthiazide, chlorthalidone, matolazone.

42
Q

Which diuretic groups decrease Ca excretion?

A

Thiazides.

43
Q

Which diuretic is used in osteoporosis?

A

Thiazides.

44
Q

Which diuretic is used in hypercalciuria?

A

Thiazides.

45
Q

Which diuretic is used in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Thiazides.

46
Q

In which two cardiac states are used thiazides?

A

HF and AH.

47
Q

Hyper GLUC - adverse affects and which diuretic?

A

Hyper: glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia. Thiazides.

48
Q

Electrolite changes due to thiazides?

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia. Also hypercalcemia.

49
Q

Which K-sparing are competitive aldosterone receptors antagonists?

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone.

50
Q

Which K-sparing block ENaC?

A

Amiloride and triamterene.

51
Q

Which diuretics are used in hyperaldosteronism?

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone.

52
Q

K sparing diuretic for nephrogenic DI?

What other diuretic can be used in this condition?

A

Amiloride. Thiazides.

53
Q

Which diuretics have antiandrogen clinical use?

A

K-sparing.

54
Q

Keep your SEAT - meaning?

A

K sparing diuretics —> Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Amiloride, Triamterene.

55
Q

Which diuretics is used in K-depletion? Why?

A

K-sparing. They block ENaC –> decresed reabsorbtion of Na, therefore K is not secreted.

56
Q

Which diuretic is used in hepatic ascites?

A

Spironolactone.

57
Q

Adverse affects of K-sparing?

A

Hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmias), endocrine effects with spironolactone –> gynecomastia, antiandrogens affects.

1 STEP Renal pathology (12 decks)

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