Lower urinary carcinomas 12/21 Flashcards
3 types of lower urinary tract carcinoma?
urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. arise where?
Maglinant tumor arising from urothelial lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, blader or urethra.
Maglinant tumor arising from urothelial lining of the renal pelvis, ureter, blader or urethra.?
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma.
Most common lower carcinoma?
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. Most commonly in bladder
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. what predisposes?
- Cigarette smoke -> naphthylamine,
- Occupationa: rubber, plastics, aromatic amine-containing dyes, textile, leather.
- Cyclophosphamide or phenacetin use, 4. Schistosoma haematobium (in african/middle east)
Cigarette smoke; naphthylamine, azo dyes, long-term cyclophosphamide or phenacetin use.?
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma.
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. in what population?
older adults
>60 y/o,
males>females
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. classically presents as?
painless hematuria
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. What are two distinct pathways?
Flat and papillary
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. Flat type. what grades and mutation?
develops as a high-grade flat tumor and then invades
assoc. with early p53 mutation
develops as a high-grade flat tumor and then invades
assoc. with early p53 mutation?
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. Flat type
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. Papillary type. grade, progression. what mutation?
develops as a low-grade papillary tumor that progresses to high-grade papillary tumor and the invades. Not associated with early p53 mutation.
Urotherial (transitional cell) carcinoma. what one more feature regarding reccurance?
tumors are often multifocal and recur-pasikartojantis (,,field defect”)
Squamous cell carcinoma. definition?
malignant proliferation of squamous cells, usually involving the bladder
malignant proliferation of squamous cells, usually involving the bladder?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma. arises in the background of what?
squamous metaplasia (normal bladder surface is not lined by squamous epithelium)
Squamous cell carcinoma. risk factors?
chronic cystitis (older women), schistosoma haematobium infection (egyptian male), long standing nephrolithiasis
chronic cystitis (older women), schistosoma haematobium infection (egyptian male), long standing nephrolithiasis?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
Adenocacinoma. definition?
malignant proliferation of glands, usually involving bladder
malignant proliferation of glands, usually involving bladder?
Adenocacinoma.
Adenocacinoma. Arises from what?
urachal remnant, cystitis glandularis or extrophy.
Adenocacinoma. Urachal remnant. where develops carcinoma?
tumor develops at the dome of the bladder
Adenocacinoma. tumor develops at the dome of the bladder?
Urachal remnant.
Adenocacinoma. extrophy?
congenital failure to form the caudal portion of the anterior abdominal and baldder walls
Adenocacinoma. congenital failure to form the caudal portion of the anterior abdominal and baldder walls
extrophy
chronic cystitis (older women)?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
schistosoma haematobium infection (african/middle east)?
Squamous cell carcinoma as well as urothelial
long standing nephrolithiasis?
Squamous cell carcinoma.
urothelial. Cystoscopy - diagnostic method to confirm diagnosis (nu siaip biopsy xddd) - what see?
urothelial cancer grows as erythematous papillary, nodular or sessile (flat) mass/lesions.
urothelial. microscopy.
may show cells resembling normal bladder epithelium but with irregular architecture, pleomorphism, hyperchromatic nuclei, an increased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and disrupted orientation and polarity (in relation to the basement membrane), and atypical (frequent) mitoses.
urothelial. the most important factor for determing prognosis? based on what?
tumor STAGE
based on the depth of invasion into the bladder wall and the degree of regional (eg lymph nodes) and metastatic spread.
urothelial. Invasion in what already carries a unfavourable prognosis?
Tumor invasion into the muscularis propria layer (indicating stage T2 or higher in the Tumor, Node, Metastasis [TNM] system) of the bladder wall carries an unfavorable prognosis.
larger tumors assoc with what?
worse prognosis
size of tumor vs invasion?
depth of tumor invasion is much more important factor than tumor size
urotheliai. papillary. composition?
urothelium supported by a thin fibrovascular stalk.
urothelial. papillary. where tend to extent/grow?
prone to grow into the bladder lument than bladder wall.
