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MS3 - Histopathology > Renal Pathology > Flashcards

Renal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Chronic
Massive proteinuria - albumin selective
Oedema

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2
Q

Blood changes in Nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

Hyperlipidaemia

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3
Q

Nephritic syndrome

A

Acute
Variable unselective proteinuria
Haematuria

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4
Q

Consequences of Nephritic syndrome

A

Mild oedema
Oligouria
HTN

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5
Q

Blood changes in Nephritic syndrome

A

Azotaemia - high nitrogen

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6
Q

Pathophysiology of Nephrotic syndrome

A

Damage to glomerular filtration barrier
Loss of foot processes
No inflammation

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7
Q

Types of glomerular disease (inc. Nephrotic syndrome)

A

Minimal change disease
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Pathophysiology of Nephritic syndrome

A

Inflammation, vascular and epithelial damage

+/- glomerular cell proliferation

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9
Q

Types of Nephritic syndrome

A

1) Proliferative glomerulonephritis

2) Membranoproliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

Proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

Post infective

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11
Q

Membranoproliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis

A

Diffuse
Crescentic glomerulonephritirs
Lupus nephritis

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12
Q

Causes of golmerulonephritis

A

Primary

Secondary to systemic disease

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis

A

Immunological

Deposition of immune complex in glomerular capillary wall

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14
Q

Ix for glomerulonephritis

A

Immunohistochemistry:

  • Local deposition of circulating immune complexes
  • Anti-glomerular basal membrane antibodies
  • Antibodies against glomerular component
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15
Q

Causes of Acute tubular necrosis

A

Ischaemia
Toxic drug injury - statin
DIC
Urinary obstruction

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16
Q

Presentation of Acute tubular necrosis

A

Acute renal failure

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17
Q

Causes of Tubulointersitial nephritis

A

Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Drugs - analgesics

18
Q

Presentation of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fever

Elevated creatinine

19
Q

Histology of chronic pyelonephritis

A

Dilated colloid filled tubules

20
Q

Post mortem features of chronic pyelonephrits

A

Irregularly depressed/scarring of kidneys

21
Q

Hypertensive kidney disease

A

Benign nephrosclerosis - focal ischaemia

Malignant HTN and accelerated nephroscerlosis

22
Q

Types of Cystic kidney disease

A

Malformative/congenital
Acquired
Hereditary

23
Q

Malformative cystic kidney disease

A

Multicystic renal dysplasia

Medullary sponge kidney

24
Q

Acquired cystic kidney disease

A

Acquired renal cystic disease - often post dialysis

Simple cysts

25
Q

Hereditary cystic kidney disease

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Nephronophthisis

26
Q

Nephronophthisis

A

Medullary cystic kidney disease complex

27
Q

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

Bilateral

Presents in middle age

28
Q

Presentation of Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A 
Haematuria
UTI
Abdo mass
HTN
Cysts in liver, pancreas, lung
Cerebral aneurysms
29
Q

Complication of Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

Ruptured berry aneurysm

30
Q

Mx of Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

Supportive
Treat HTN
Renal replacement therapy

31
Q

Causes of CKD

A

DM

HTN

32
Q

Stages of CKD and eGFR

A

1) > 90
2) 60-90
3A) 45-60
3B) 30-45
4) 15-30
5) < 15

33
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Stone formation

In kidney or renal tract

34
Q

Types of kidney stone

A

Calcium oxalate
Triple phosphate
Urate
Cystine

35
Q

Renal tumours

A

Wilm’s tumour - childhood
Benign - papiliary adenomas
Malignant - RCC, TCC

36
Q

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) RFs

A

Smoking
HTN
Heavy metals
Von Hippel Lindau syndrome

37
Q

Histotypes of RCC

A

Clear cell
Papiliary
Chromophobe

38
Q

Sx of RCC

A 
Polycythaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Cushing's
Haematuria
Back pain
39
Q

Benign Bladder tumours

A

Papilloma

40
Q

Low malignant potential Bladder tumours

A

Papillary urothelial neoplasm

41
Q

Malignant Bladder tumours

A

Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma

High grade urothelial carcinoma

42
Q

Bladder tumour RFs

A 
Smoking
Dye industry
Long term analgesic use
Schistosomiasis - SCC
Cyclophosphamide

MS3 - Histopathology (9 decks)

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