renal medicine Flashcards by Caitlin Jenkins | Brainscape

Q

What organs are involved re. the renal tract?

A

kidney, ureter and bladder

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Q

What organs are involved re. the renal tract?

A

kidney, ureter and bladder

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Q

What are the functions of the renal system?

A

excretory function + acid base baseline
Balance of water, sodium and potassium
waste products of metabolism
drugs
excretion of acid and production of bicarbonate

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Q

What are the endocrine functions of the renal system?

A

production of erythropoietin
activating vitamin D
Controlling BP

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Q

How does the renal system control BP?

A

renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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Q

What does hyperkalaemia mean?

A

high potassium levels

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Q

What can dipstick tests identify?

A

abnormal presence of protein, blood, glucose, white cells

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Q

What can microscopy identify?

A

abnormal cells/crystals

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Q

What can microbiology identify?

A

culture for bacteria

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Q

what electrolytes are tested for in the blood?

A

potassium, urea, creatine

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Q

What is mild glomerular filtrate rate?

A

20-50 ml/minute

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Q

What is moderate glomerular filtrate rate?

A

10-20ml/minutes

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Q

What is severe glomerular filtrate rate?

A

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Q

What imaging investigations can be done re. renal investigation

A

plain x rays
intravenous urogram
ultrasound
MRI
CT

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Q

What are the functions of the renal system?

A

excretory function + acid base baseline
Balance of water, sodium and potassium
waste products of metabolism
drugs
excretion of acid and production of bicarbonate

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1

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Q

What are the endocrine functions of the renal system?

A

production of erythropoietin
activating vitamin D
Controlling BP

Q

How does the renal system control BP?

A

renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Q

What does hyperkalaemia mean?

A

high potassium levels

Q

What can dipstick tests identify?

A

abnormal presence of protein, blood, glucose, white cells

Q

What can microscopy identify?

A

abnormal cells/crystals

Q

What can microbiology identify?

A

culture for bacteria

Q

what electrolytes are tested for in the blood?

A

potassium, urea, creatine

Q

What is mild glomerular filtrate rate?

A

20-50 ml/minute

Q

What is moderate glomerular filtrate rate?

A

10-20ml/minutes

Q

What is severe glomerular filtrate rate?

A

Q

What imaging investigations can be done re. renal investigation

A

plain x rays
intravenous urogram
ultrasound
MRI
CT

Q

What are consequences or excretion failure?

A

oedema
hyperkalaemia- cardiac arrest
accumulation of waste products- uraemia
drug metabolism

Q

What are signs of uraemia?

A

malaise
anorexia
reduced immunity and platelet function
itch
coma/death

Q

What are consequences of acid base balance?

A

acidosis

Q

What are consequences of endocrine disruption re. renal failure

A

lack of erythropoietin- anaemia
vitamin D - bone disorder
High BP

Q

What are causes of renal failure re. systemic disease?

A

diabetes
High BP
atherosclerosis- renal artery stenosis
Autoimmune disease- glomerulonephritis
Cancer