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Gastroenterolgoy Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the GI system deals with iron and b12

A

Duodenum

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2
Q

What part of gi system deals with folate?

A

Jejunum

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3
Q

What part of the GI system deals with water?

A

Large intestine

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4
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Production of enzymes to digest food

Production of insulin

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5
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Concentration and storage of bile

Fat digestion do and a absorption

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6
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Metabolism of nutrients and toxins
Production of bile
Protein synthesis

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7
Q

What are GI symptoms?

A

Pain
Dysphagia
Dysepsia

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8
Q

What are GI investigations?

A 
Upper GI tract- endoscopy
Lower GI tract- sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy
Radiographs
Ultrasound
MRI
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9
Q

Treatment for upper GI disorders re. Acid suppression

A

Antacids- aluminium hydroxide, calcium carbonate

Gastric acid reduction- h2 blockers- ranitidine, cimetidine

Proton pump inhibitors- omeprazole, lansoprazole

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10
Q

Treatment for upper GI disorders re. Anti emetics

A

Dopamine antagonists- domperidone, metoclopramide

Anti- histamines- cyclazine

Serotonin antagonist- ondansetron

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11
Q

What is GORD?

A

Gastro oesophageal reflux disorder

Excess acid at lower oesophageal sphincter

  • loss of tone
  • delayed gastric emptying
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12
Q

What is GORD associated with ?

A

Obesity
Lying flat
Fatty foods
Smoking

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13
Q

What are symptoms of GORD?

A

Heartburn

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14
Q

How is GORD diagnosed?

A

Endoscopy

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15
Q

Was is the treatment for GORD.

A

Change to lifestyle

Drugs- antacids, ppis

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16
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease?

A

Gastric
Duodenal
Caused by helicobacter pylori
NSAIDs

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Epigastric pain
Dyspepsia
Vomitting
Anorexia

18
Q

What is tx for peptic ulcer disease?

A

Endoscopy
Acid suppression
Antibiotics re. Helicobacter

19
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

A structural abnormality of the stomach
May cause heartburn
Requires meds or surgery

20
Q

What are dental aspects of upper GI disorders?

A

Caution with NSAIDS
oral ulceration with chronic blood loss
NCTSL- re. Acid reflux

21
Q

What are some lower GI tract disorders?

A

Coeliac disease
Inflammatory bowel disease- crohns, ulcerative colitis
Diverticulitis

22
Q

What’s are symptoms of coeliac disease?

A 
Malabsorption:
Malaise
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Iron and folate deficiency
Protein deficiency
23
Q

How is coeliacs diagnosed?

A

Endoscopy

Antibodies TTGA

24
Q

What is treatment of coeliacs disease?

A

Gluten free diet

Osteoporosis prophylaxis

25
Q

What should concern dentist re. Coeliacs disease?

A

Oral features of malabsorption
Bisphosphonates
Choice of drug prep

26
Q

What are two inflammatory bowel diseases?

A

Crohn’s disease

Ulcerative colitis

27
Q

What are symptoms of crohns?

A

Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Bleeding
Oral manefeststions

28
Q

What are symptoms of crohns and ulcerative colitis?

A 
Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain 
Autoimmune arthritis
Skin lesions
Auto immune hepatitis
Dvt and pe
Ocular inflammation 
Cancer- long term complication
29
Q

What are treatments for inflammatory bowel disease ?

A

5 aminosalicylic preps
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Biologics- anti Tnf agents

30
Q

What are treatment for inflammatory bowel syndromes

A

Surgery - colectomy- uc, sections of bowels removed- crohns
Abscess drainage

Parented so nutrition and diet
Antibiotics

31
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Lower GI tract disorder

Pouches or pockets on colon

32
Q

What are common symptoms of functional GI disease?

A

Oesophageal- lump in throat
Gastric- dyspepsia
IBS- cramps, wind etc.

33
Q

Treatment for functional gi disease

A

Fibre
Antispasmodics
Amytriptiline

34
Q

What are causes of liver disease?

A 
Alcohol
Hepatitis viruses
Iron overload- haemachromatosis
Drugs
Autoimmune
Diabetes
35
Q

Clinical features of liver, pancreas and biliary tract disease

A

Jaundice
Ascites- fluid in abdominal cavity
Telangiectasia- widened blood vessels
Renal failure

36
Q

Clinical features of acute liver disease

A

Encephalopathy- confusion, impaired consciousness
Variceal haemorrhage- life threatening upper GI bleeding
Coagulopathy
Prone to infections

37
Q

What are dental aspects re. Liver pancreas and biliary disease?m

A

Coagulopathy and reduced platelets- increase bleeding risk
Underlying infections- hepatitis
Be aware of effect of immunosuppressant if liver transplant

38
Q

What GI disorders may cause dental erosion?

A

GORD

bulimia

39
Q

What are patient with GI cancers more at risk of?

A

Oral cancers

40
Q

What are oral manefeststions of Crohn’s disease?

A 
Ulcers
Facial swellings
Labial swelling
Cobblestone mucosa
Mucosal tags
Angular chelitis
41
Q

What part of the GI system deals with alcohol and water

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