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Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What are plasma protein for?

A

Clotting
Transport
Immunity

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2
Q

What else is in plasma?

A 
Lipids
Nutrients 
Hormones
Electrolytes 
Water
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3
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport of o2 and co2 via haemoglobin

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4
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Immune system

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5
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Clotting

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6
Q

What blood tests can be carried out?

A

Full blood count
Blood film
Bone marrow
Coagulation

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7
Q

What is measured in full blood count?

A

Number and size of each cells

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8
Q

What does macrocyctic mean?

A

Cells too big

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9
Q

What does microcyctic mean?

A

Cells too small

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10
Q

What does leukocytosis mean?

A

Too many white cells

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11
Q

What does leukopenia mean?

A

Too little white cells

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12
Q

What is a differential count?

A

Numbers of particular types of white cells

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13
Q

What does thrombocytopenia mean?

A

Too little platelets

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14
Q

What does thrombocythaemia mean?

A

Too many platelets

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15
Q

What is a blood film?

A

Blood examined under miscroscope

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16
Q

Where is bone marrow sample taken from?

A

Iliac crest or sternum

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17
Q

What does APPT mean?

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

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18
Q

What does PT mean?

A

Prothrombin time

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19
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Haemoglobin deficiency

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20
Q

What are causes of anaemia?

A

Lack of raw materials
Production problems
Longevity problems

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21
Q

How long is a normal red cell in circulation?

22
Q

What raw materials are required for red cell production?

A

Iron
Vit b12
Folate

23
Q

What hormone is required for red cell production?

A

Erythropoietin

24
Q

Where are red cells produced?

A

Bone marrow

25
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A

Autoimmune disease

Affects absorption of Vit b12

26
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

27
Q

When is anemia due to loss from circulation?

A

Bowel
Menstration
Trauma

28
Q

What is haemolysis

A

Destruction of cells in circulation

29
Q

What can cause haemolysis ?

A

Autoimmunity
Sickle cell
Thalassaemia

30
Q

What does microcyctic suggest?

A

Iron deficiency

31
Q

What does macrocytic suggest?

A

B12 def, folate def, autoimmune

32
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Auto immune
Bone marrow failure
White cell disorder

33
Q

What are clinical feature of neutropenia?

A

Candida
Viral- herpes simplex
Commensalism bacteria

34
Q

What are haematological malignancies?

A

Leukaemia

Lymphoma

35
Q

What is leukaemia?

A

Proliferation of immature cells in blood and bone marrow

36
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of cells within lymphoreticular system- nodes, liver, sleep, bone marrow

37
Q

What types of lymphoma are there?

A

Hodgkins

Non hodgkins

38
Q

What are treatments of haematological malignancies?

A

Transfusion
Chemo
Radiotherapy
Bone marrow transplant

39
Q

What may present or dentist re. Haematological malignancies?

A

Atypical infections
Bleeding
Lymphadenopathy
Gum infiltration

40
Q

What pathway deals with surface injuries?

A

Intrinsic pathway

41
Q

What pathway deals with vascular injury?

A

Extrinsic pathway

42
Q

What can cause platelet problems?

A

Deficiencies of Vit b12 and folate
Bone marrow failure to produce platelets
Immune mediated destruction

43
Q

What meds can cause platelet aggregation problems?

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Dipyridamole

44
Q

What can cause coagulation cascade problems?

A

Protein deficiency
Liver disease
Malnutrition

45
Q

What are congenital conditions causing coagulation cascade problems?

A

Haemophilia

Von willebrands

46
Q

What drugs can cause coagulation cascade problems?

A

Warfarin
Heparin
New agents

47
Q

What clotting factors are absent re. Haem a?

48
Q

What clotting factors are absent re. Haem b?

49
Q

What factor is poor in von willebrands?

50
Q

What are functions of the blood?

A

Transport
Immune system
Coagulation

CMS (14 decks)

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